Abstract:AIM: To study the effect of autologous serum in corneal epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy(PRK).

METHODS:Forty eyes from 20 myopic and myopic-astigmatic patients(9 male and 11 female)were included in this study. One eye of each patient was randomized to receive 20% autologous serum in artificial tears(study group)and one eye received conventional artificial tears(control group). An 8 mm alcohol well was placed centrally in all 40 eyes, and 20% alcohol was applied for 20s during PRK operation. Patients were followed up daily until epithelial closure, and at 1mo, 6mo, and 12mo. Time to epithelial healing was the main outcome measure. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), manifest refraction, and haze were recorded.

RESULTS: The mean preoperative myopic spherical non-cycloplegic(dry)retinoscopy was not significantly different between two groups. The mean pain score in the study group was significantly lower than the control group on days 1, 2 and 3(P<0.05). The mean horizontal and vertical epithelial defects in the study group was lower than in the control group in all follow up exams on days 1 and 3(P<0.05). The mean total time to epithelial healing in the study group was about 0.7d less than in the control group(3.15±0.366d vs 3.85±0.587d, P=0.00).

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that using autologous serum eye drops, by accelerating corneal epithelial healing and reducing the pain, which improves recovery time in visual acuity and reduces discomfort, haziness and infection risk after PRK.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)and slit lamp biomicroscopy to detect anterior segment findings in patients with closed globe injury.

METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study. Sixteen patients with a closed globe injury were consecutively recruited from January 2010 to July 2015 in Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including assessment of visual acuity, measurement of intraocular pressure using a noncontact tonometry, and slit lamp biomicroscopy. SD-OCT was used to examine the anterior segments of all injured eyes. Two patients had bilateral ocular injuries and received bilateral SD-OCT examinations. The OCT findings of the cornea, iris, anterior chamber and lens were recorded and compared with findings seen using slit lamp biomicroscopy.

RESULTS: All 18 eyes were examined by SD-OCT had hyphema occupying at least one-third of the anterior chamber volume. Sixteen eyes had corneal edema and corneal abrasion detected on both slit lamp biomicroscopy and OCT examination. OCT examination was also able to detect Descemet's membrane detachment(n=7), angle recession(n=6), lens subluxation(n=3)and iridodialysis(n=3).

CONCLUSION: SD-OCT was able to identify features of closed globe injury that were otherwise not visible on slit lamp biomicroscopy. SD-OCT may have advantages over clinical examination in cases of closed globe injury.

Abstract:AIM: To describe the clinical features of congenital isolated inferior rectus(IR)palsy with compensatory head posture of facial rotation and to analyze the effect of surgical treatment.

METHODS: Fifteen patients with IR muscle palsy further presenting with abnormal compensatory head posture of facial rotation were retrospectively identified from May 2014 to July 2018. Changes in the degree of facial rotation in patients were evaluated using an orthopedic goniasmometer. Variations in vertical and horizontal deviations were measured through prism and alternate cover tests, and changes in cyclotropia of pre- and postoperation were assessed by objective evaluation of eye torsion with fundus photography. IR resection was the main surgical treatment.

RESULTS: Among the 15 patients, 13 who were subjected to IR muscle resection or IR muscle resection combined with superior rectus muscle recession showed good results after surgery. These results included improved underaction of IR, coordination of eye movement, disappearance of abnormal facial rotation of compensatory head position, and total correction of vertical and horizontal deviation and cyclodeviation. Furthermore, each 1 mm resection of IR can correct 1.54±0.93° incyclotropia. In the other two patients with small vertical deviation who were done by inferior oblique myectomy, the improvement in facial rotation was unsatisfied, and eye motion remained uncoordinated.

CONCLUSION: Congenital isolated IR muscle palsy characterized by compensatory head posture of facial rotation is the main compensatory head posture. The resection of IR is effective and perfect. Mild overcorrection and undercorrection do not influence curative effect.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effects of Aflibercept on the K⁺ channel of retinal Müller cell membrane cultured in vitro.

METHODS: Human Müller cells were divided into 3 groups(control group, high glucose group and experimental group). The control group were cultured in conventional DMEM medium; the high glucose group were cultured in high glucose DMEM medium; the experimental group were cultured with high glucose DMEM medium and 100μmol/L Aflibercept, and the K⁺ concentration of the cells were detected by MQAE, and the cell survival were detected by MTT assay, the flow cytometry were used to detect apoptosis rates, Western blot analysis were used to detect the Müller cell caspase-3 protein levels.

RESULTS: The Müller cells were positive for glutamine synthetase(GS)after 48h of culture, and the purification degree were above 90%. The relative concentrations of K⁺ in the control group, high glucose group and experimental group were(2.14±0.44)%,(23.11±4.39)%,(5.20±0.92)%, and cell viability were(100.00±0.00)%, respectively(73.24±4.13)%,(85.22±5.33)%, the apoptosis rates were(5.03±1.91)%,(26.73±3.14)%,(16.63±2.73)%, and compared the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the level of caspase-3 protein in the high glucose group Müller cells were increased significantly(P<0.05); compared with the high glucose group Müller cells, the caspase-3 protein level in the experimental group Müller cells were decreased significantly(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Aflibercept can inhibit the K⁺ channel of retinal Müller cells in vitro, inhibit the apoptosis of Müller cells induced by high glucose, decrease the expression of caspase-3 protein, and promote cell proliferation.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and chemokine receptor 3(CCR3)in pterygium.

METHODS: The expression of VEGF and CCR3 were detected in 18 patients(18 eyes)with pterygium and compared with the normal conjunctiva epithelium in other 14 cases(14 eyes). The histological differences between the two groups were compared by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining. The expression of VEGF and CCR3 in pterygium and normal conjunctival tissues were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical. The mRNA expression of VEGF and CCR3 were assessed by Real-time PCR.

RESULTS: Compared with normal conjunctival tissue, the epithelial layer of pterygium was obvious thickening, the stromal layer was more disordered, and the expression levels of VEGF(0.69±0.0875 vs 0.05±0.0024)and CCR3(0.45±0.0248 vs 0.03±0.0074)were significantly elevated(all P<0.01). The expression level of VEGF mRNA in pterygium was about 12 times that of normal conjunctival tissue(12.33±2.84 vs 1.00±0.08), and the expression level of CCR3 mRNA was about 160 times as many as conjunctival tissue(159.60±34.15 vs 1.00±0.09).

CONCLUSION: The expression of VEGF and CCR3 in pterygium was significantly increased, suggesting that they may be involved in the occurrence of pterygium and promote the development of the disease.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effect of application of corneal protective agent(2% hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, 2% HPMC)on the stability of ocular surface tear film after phacoemulsification in age-related cataract(ARC)patients with type 2 diabetes.

METHODS: Prospective parallel controlled trial. Totally 107 cases(107 eyes)of the patients with ARC and type 2 diabetes who underwent phacoemulsification in our hospital from March 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into HPMC group and BSS group. All 57 eyes were enrolled in HPMC group and 2% HPMC was evenly covered on the corneal surface during operation; 50 eyes were enrolled in BSS group and BSS was continuously dripped on the cornea during operation. Break up time(BUT), Schimer Ⅰ test(SⅠt)and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)were performed 1d before operation and 7d, 30d, 60d and 90d after operation, and observed their changes.

RESULTS: At 7d, 30d and 60d after cataract surgery, compared with BSS group, BUT was significantly prolonged and CFS staining spots were significantly reduced in HPMC group; At 7d after surgery, SⅠt in HPMC group was significantly lower than that in BSS group; At 30d and 60d after surgery, SⅠt in HPMC group was significantly higher than that in BSS group(P<0.05). At 60d after operation, there was no difference in BUT, SⅠt and CFS between HPMC group and preoperative group(P>0.05), while there was difference in BUT, SⅠt and CFS between BSS group and preoperative group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:2% HPMC in phacoemulsification can protect the stability of tear film on the ocular surface of ARC patients with type 2 diabetes. The tear film stability indexes can be restored to the preoperative level 60d after operation.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the effects of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation(PPCIOL)and femtosecond laser LASIK in the treatment of high myopia on postoperative visual quality.

METHODS: Randomly selected 83 patients with 168 eyes with high myopia from 2015-06/2017-06 in our hospital, they were divided into two groups according to the treatment. Group A was treated with PPCIOL, and group B was treated with femtosecond laser LASIK. The efficacy index, safety index, visual acuity and diopter, high-order aberration changes, contrast sensitivity values, and complications in both group were compared.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the efficacy index between the two groups(P>0.05), and the safety index of group A was higher than that of group B(P<0.05). The number of patients with UCVA and BCVA greater ≥1.0 after surgery in both groups were increased, while the diopter decreased, and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Compared with preoperative, there was no significant difference in the contrast sensitivity between the visual acuity, scotopic glare and glare in group A(P>0.05). Compared with group A, the visual sensitivity, glare-free glare and glare contrast sensitivity values of group B decreased, and the differences between groups and groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: PPCIOL and femtosecond laser LASIK can effectively correct the vision of patients with high myopia, but PPCIOL has less influence on high-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity, and has more advantages in postoperative visual quality.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the methods and effects of secondary intraocular lens implantation based on proliferative membrane in anterior segment reconstruction.

METHODS: Totally 156 eyes with penetrating injury had varying degrees of anterior segment disorders which had secondary intraocular lens implantation based on proliferative membrane to anterior segment reconstruction. Including partial penetrating keratoplasty, front-adhesion release, iris root suture, post-adhesion release, pupillary plasty, hole making in pupil area proliferative membrane and secondary intraocular lens implantation based on proliferative membrane. All patients were followed up 3-18mo.

RESULTS: The surgeries were successful in all patients. The corrected visual acuity of 123 eyes(78.8%)were ≥0.5, 17 eyes(10.9%)were ≥0.8 and 33 eyes(21.2%)were ≤0.4. Postoperative intraocular lens position was 133 eyes(85.3%), intraocular lens slightly off the center of 23 eyes(14.7%). Anterior chamber hemorrhage occurred in 8 eyes, 6 of them were recovered by conservative treatment and the blood membrane in another 2 eyes were sucked out through primary incision, and 5 cases of corneal plaque dense in the center of the cornea are partially penetrating keratoplasty. After 2mo, a rejection reaction occurs, which is cured by conservative treatment. All patients had slight postoperative inflammation and without severe long-term complications.

CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the anterior segment of the eye, proliferative membrane can support the intraocular lens at the pre-implantation of the intraocular lens, without the need for suture fixation, thus avoiding various complications due to sutures.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the difference of short-term efficacy of the intravitreal injection of conbercept(IVC)1+PRN and 3+PRN in the treatment of macular edema(ME)secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO).

METHODS:In this prospective, randomized, and comparative study, 40 patients who were diagnosed as ME secondary to BRVO were divided randomly into 3+PRN group(n=22)and 1+PRN group(n=18). Best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT)and mean injection times were compared between two groups in 6mo follow-up period. Baseline predictors of visual acuity(VA)were also investigated.

RESULTS: After treatment of 6mo, in the 3+PRN group, the BCVA improved from 0.86±0.22 to 0.41±0.12 and CMT decreased from 517.4±75.1μm to 280.1±41.8μm. The BCVA in the 1+PRN group increased from 0.79±0.20 to 0.42±0.14 and the CMT decreased from 472.7±80.7μm to 271.6±39.6μm. There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA or CMT between two groups at any time point(P>0.05). During the study period, the mean number of injections were 3.64±0.66 and 2.78±0.94 in 1+PRN group and 3+PRN group respectively(P>0.05). In both groups, age, duration, baseline BCVA and integrity of photoreceptor inner and outer segment(IS/OS)were associated with better VA at the 6mo after the first injection.

CONCLUSION: In IVC treatment for ME secondary to BRVO, 1+PRN and 3+PRN dosing regimens are both effective and achieved similar functional outcomes.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the anatomical and visual recovery effects of vitrectomy(PPV)combined with inner limiting membrane(ILM)reversal tamponade or ILM stripping in the treatment of high myopia macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).

METHODS:The literature was retrieved from China Knowledge Network(CNKI), VIP, Wanfang Database, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, European PMC, and Natural database. The search time was built until September 2018. The 6-month follow-up time was used to observe the macular hole closure, primary retinal detachment and BCVA. Meta-analysis was performed using Review 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software.

RESULTS: In this study, a comparative analysis of 266 eyes in 8 studies was included. Statistically, the effect of ILM reversal tamponade in the macular hole closure rate is better than ILM stripping, the difference was statistically significant(RR=2.05, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.49, P<0.00001), there was no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of primary retinal detachment rate(RR=1.04, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.12, P=0.21), the BCVA of the two groups was significantly higher than that before surgery at 6mo after surgery, the difference was statistically significant(RR=0.44, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.55, P<0.00001; RR=0.29, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.48, P=0.003). The results of the extent of BCVA improvement between the two groups are heterogeneous, and the conclusions may be unstable, and more reliable data are needed.

CONCLUSION: PPV+ ILM flap insertion is more effective in treating patients with high myopia macular hole retinal detachment.

Abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of conjunctival approach and skin approach on postoperative complications in orbital blowout fracture through Meta-analysis.

METHODS: Search literatures in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, OVID, Chinese biomedical literature database, Weipu, Wanfang and CNKI database from the establishment of the database to May 30, 2018. The main contents included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies about comparing the postoperative complications of orbital blowout fracture through the transconjunctival approach and subciliary approach. Meta-analysis of the incidence of complications was performed using Review Manager 5.3 statistical software.

RESULTS: A total of 7 cohort studies were included. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS)score showed that the quality of the included literature was above 6 points. Meta-analysis showed no significant difference in odds ratio(OR)between the transconjunctival approach group and subciliary approach group \〖OR=0.74, 95% CI (0.44-1.24), P=0.25\〗. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the Meta-analysis were stable and reliable. Funnel plot analysis showed that there might be publication bias in the included literature.

CONCLUSION: The effect of skin approach and conjunctival approach on the incidence of postoperative complications of orbital blowout fractures is not significant. The two approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to combine the clinical practical considerations to select the most suitable surgical approach.

Abstract:The fundus vessels are the only blood vessels that can be observed in the living body. The pathological changes of many diseases in the fundus can be observed by various means, such as ophthalmoscopy, fundus angiography, laser confocal scanning fundus imaging, fluoresce in fundus angiography, optical coherence tomography, Doppler fundus angiography, etc. How to accurately extract the observed pathological changes has been a difficult problem in academia. This paper summarizes the main observation methods of pathological changes of fundus vessels and various extraction methods of pathological changes. Including fundus vascular tracking method, pixel classification method, matching filtering method, threshold segmentation method, etc. And generalized the image processing methods after fundus vascular extraction, hope to promote the further development of fundus vascular pathological feature extraction method, in order to facilitate diagnosis of clinical disease.

Abstract:Age related macular degeneration(ARMD)is the leading cause of blindness in people over 65 years of age. The need for research on effective treatments of ARMD has led to the development of multiple animal models. ARMD is a complex process involving interaction of age, genetic and environmental factors. Animal models have reconstructed many of the histological features in ARMD, making it possible to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. Although no model can replicate all the phenotypes of human ARMD, it can express different characteristics of ARMD, revealing the roles of chronic oxidative damage, inflammation, immune dysregulation and lipid metabolism in the development of ARMD. This article will review the various ARMD animal models that have been reported. By analyzing the advantages and limitations of each model, it will provide some help for the selection of appropriate animal models for ARMD research and provide new modeling ideas.

Abstract:Diabetic macular edema(DME)is one of the common eye complications in diabetic patients, and is also the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)is currently an important target for DME therapy, the latest DME guidelines point out that anti-VEGF can be used as a first-line treatment for all types of DME. Anti-VEGF and glucocorticoid are widely used medications in DME treatment at present. Besides, numbers of new therapies which include anti-VEGF DARPin(designed ankyrin repeat proteins, DARPins), vascular adhesion protein, integrin antagonists and others, are in development. This article reviews the medication and emerging treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Abstract:Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO)is one of the most common ocular disorders in infants, and the main feature is a membranous obstruction of the distal end of the nasolacrimal duct. Methods are considered to treat with CNLDO, including lacrimal sac massage, probing, silicone intubation, balloon dacryocystoplasty, and dacryohynostomy. Recently, the combination use of lacrimal endoscopes may increase the success rate of surgery. Because many CNLDOs can resolve spontaneously, there are still some controversies in the timing of surgery and the choice of treatment options. The aim of the review is to provide a reference for the treatment of CNLDO.

Abstract:Blepharochalasis is a rare disease that often onsets in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by non-painful, non-erythemaous eyelid angioedema with intermittent recurrent episodes, resulting in relaxation, atrophy and thinned of eyelid structures. The late complications, attributing to continuous underlying structural destruction, including ptosis, orbital fat prolapse, lacrimal glands prolapse and blepharophimosis etc. The pathogenesis is not clear yet, researchers have indicated that it might be associated with inheritance and endocrine factors. Nevertheless, histopathology examination showed elastic fibers breakdown, IgA deposits and inflammatory cell infiltration. Based on this, it is assumed that the immunologic mechanism and inflammatory reaction play a significant role in the development of the disease. According to the clinical stage, there are two treatment patterns: oral medicine and surgery at present.

Abstract:Amblyopia is defined as a decrease in visual acuity that results from abnormal binocular interaction or visual deprivation during critical period of the visual cortex, which cause a variety of visual functions damage. With the development of science and technology, amblyopia treatment has new concept. The new method of amblyopia treatment is occlusion therapy based on corrected refraction, followed by visual function training and pharamacological therapy, instead of traditional treatment which contians only refraction correction and patching therapy. Correction of refractive error is no longer limited to use spectacles, also provided with contact lenses, corneal refractive surgery and intraocular refractive surgery. In addition to using patching, occlusion therapy can use Bangerter filters, contact lenses and LED liquid crystal glasses. The training of visual function aimed to improve three-level visual function and restore visual cortical plasticity, which is especially important in the adult amblyopia. Levodopa and citicoline drugs can be added to occlusion therapy in order to reach a better outcome. We should design the fittest treatment plan according to the individual situation of the patients within varied of methods, adopting diversified combination, personalized therapy.

Abstract:AIM: To measure the optical quality after implantation of SBL-3 and SN6AD1 multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)in patients by a double-pass optical quality analysis system(OQAS).

METHODS: Totally 47 cases of age-related cataract who received phacoemulsification and the implantation of MIOL were enrolled from March 2017 to April 2018 in Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital. According to the difference of implanted MIOLs, patients were divided into SBL-3 group(22 patients, 22 eyes)and SN6AD1 group(25 patients, 25 eyes). Three months postoperatively, uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA), corrected distant visual acuity(CDVA), corrected intermediate visual acuity(CIVA), corrected near visual acuity(CNVA), and objective optical quality measured by OQAS were all compared between two groups.

RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, significant difference was found in UIVA \〖0.14(0.04, 0.26)vs 0.26(0.12, 0.40), P<0.05\〗 which was better in SBL-3 group. Moreover, significantly higher values of OSI \〖2.52(2.35, 3.86)vs 1.89(1.39, 2.28)\〗 and pseudophakic accommodation(2.47±0.88D vs 1.25±0.70D)were found in SBL-3 group. Significantly lower values of MTF-cut/off, SR, OV 100%, OV 20% and OV 9% were found in SBL-3 group(P<0.01).

CONCLUSION: Both SBL-3 and SN6AD1 MIOL could provide patients with good subjective visual quality, but OQAS could find the differences in visual quality after implantation of different MIOLs objectively.

Abstract:AIM:To analyse of refractive regression after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)in moderate and high myopic eyes.

METHODS:A retrospective study. Thirty patients(60 eyes)with refractive regression after LASIK in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected for statistical analysis. According to preoperative refraction, they were divided into three groups: moderate myopia group(<-6.00D), high myopia group(-6.00 to -10.00D)and super high myopia group(>-10.00D). The visual acuity, diopter, corneal curvature, CCT, intraocular pressure, ocular axis and residual corneal matrix thickness were analyzed before and after surgery.

RESULTS:The refractive regression rate was 8.6%(60/700 eyes). At 6mo after operation, the refractive regression of the patients were as follows: moderate myopia group, 1.31±0.15D, high myopia group, 1.76±0.23D, ultra-high myopia group: 2.53±0.35D(P<0.05). At 6mo after operation, the diopter(-0.82±0.21, -1.03±0.27, -1.57±0.52D)of the three groups was different from that of the preoperative(-4.87±0.97, -7.46±1.03, -10.32±2.01D)and 1mo(+0.49±0.22, +0.73±0.17, +0.95±0.15D)after operation(all P<0.05). At 6mo after operation, the CCT of the three groups(499.80±33.78, 458.89±36.93, 451.93±24.52μm)decreased(P<0.05)compared with that before operation(523.80±23.00, 527.24±25.47, 525.80±22.36μm), and increased(487.92±38.13, 440.65±33.92, 429.35±20.14μm). There was no difference in ocular axis(25.25±0.30, 26.52±0.62, 28.63±0.21mm)between the three groups at 6mo after operation and before operation(25.13±0.54, 26.13±0.54, 28.03±1.04mm)(P>0.05), but there was difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The thickness of residual corneal stroma in moderate myopia group, high myopia group and ultra-high myopia group were 332.27±21.87, 292.71±22.71 and 273.38±20.99μm, respectively(P<0.05). There was no difference in corneal curvature and intraocular pressure between the three groups at 6mo after operation(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: The occurrence of refractive regression after LASIK is related to preoperative refraction. High myopia and ultra-high myopia may have refractive regression due to progressive growth of eye axis, while moderate myopia may have refractive regression due to increased corneal thickness and corneal curvature changes caused by post-operative matrix repair.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy of autologous serum combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor in repairing of corneal defect after corneal foreign body eliminating operation.

METHODS: Totally 92 patients with corneal foreign body(110 affected eyes)as the research object in our hospital from October 2015 to March 2016. All the patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group according to the random number table. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex and disease course. Both groups received corneal foreign body elimination by slit lamp. The treatment group was given eye drops containing epidermal growth factor combined autologous serum and tobramycin after surgery, while the control group was only administrated with epidermal growth factor and tobramycin. Treatment effects were compared 1wk after treatment.

RESULTS: One week after the treatment, the cure rate in the treatment group(96.4%)was much higher than that in the control group(78.2%). Two days after treatment, the fluorescein staining in the treatment group was 98.2%, it was higher than that in the control group(83.6%). The concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 of the treatment group was lower than that in the control group. One week after the treatment, AS-OCT images showed that the repair of corneal matrix in the treatment group was closer to the preoperative normal level.

CONCLUSION: The treatment effect that AS combined rhEGF is much better than that only usde rhEGF, shortened healing time of corneal epithelial wound. It is more effective and security to treat traumatic corneal epithelial defect, better repair function to corneal matrix.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the visual quality after segmental Refractive multifocal intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.

METHODS: Totally 50 cases(83 eyes)of cataract patients who receiving phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in our hospital from June 2016 to February 2017 were selected as the study object. Based on the IOL types, the patients were divided into two groups: 22 cases(37 eyes)in observation group implanted segmental refractive multifocal IOL, 28 cases(46 eyes)in control group implanted monofocal IOL. Three months after surgery, the uncorrected visual acuity was recorded. A double-pass optical quality analysis system(OQAS II)was used to evaluate the visual quality. The near spectacle independence, satisfaction, and symptoms of visual disturbance were assessed by a questionnaire.

RESULTS: Three months after surgery, there were no statistical differences in uncorrected distance visual acuity(UCDVA)between the observation group and control group(P=0.273). The uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(UCIVA)and uncorrected near acuity(UCNVA)of observation group was better than control group(P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in MTF cutoff; contrast visual acuity between the groups. The OSI in the observation and control groups was 2.64±0.68 and 1.52±0.47, respectively; objective amplitude of accommodation was(2.91±0.71)D and(1.32±0.41)D, respectively; near spectacle independence was 91% and 7%, respectively. There were statistical differences between the groups(P<0.05). There were no statistical differences between the groups for visual disturbances(glare, ghosting)and satisfaction(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Segmental refractive multifocal intraocular lens provides wider objective amplitude of accommodation and good overall visual acuity, reduces spectacle dependency and provides high patient satisfaction.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the efficacy of povidone iodine with different concentration and exposure time in preparation for cataract surgery. The effect of PI on reducing the conjunctival bacterial load before cataract surgery was observed. The effect of PI on the ocular surface was also valued. In order to provide a theoretical support for clinical standardization of PI, the optimum concentration and irrigation time of PI were screened.

METHODS: From June 2015 to June 2017 cataract surgery was performed in 270 cases 270 eyes. According to the concentration(0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05%)of the PI the patients were randomly divided into three groups(A, B, C,). Group A was randomly divided into three subgroups(A1, A2, A3)respectively according to different irrigation time: 30s, 1min and 2min. group B and group C were divided to subgroups similar to group A. In all groups, the conjunctiva was flush irrigate with 3ML of PI of the respective concentration. Conjunctival specimens were obtained before PI irrigation and after PI irrigation. The change of conjunctival sac bacterial flora and bacterial culture positive rate were studied. Tear break up time(BUT), cornea fluorescein staining(CFS)were evaluated 3d preoperative and 1d, 3d, 1wk, 1mo, 3mo postoperative.

RESULTS:(1)The change of conjunctival sac bacterial flora. A total of 12 species of conjunctival sac bacteria were cultured before PI irrigation including 9 Gram positive bacteria and 3 Gram negative bacteria. A total of 4 species of conjunctival sac bacteria were cultured after PI irrigation including 2 Gram positive bacteria and 2 Gram negative bacteria.(2)Comparison of the positive rate of bacterial culture in conjunctival sac. Positive conjunctival sac culture for 15 eyes before PI irrigation, 5 eyes show positive after washing, the amount of positive bacteria culture was lower(P<0.05).(3)No endophthalmitis was found in all patients at the last follow-up. The BUT in all groups except the groups of 0.5g/L, 30s and 5g/L, 2min were restored to preoperative level at 3mo after surgery, The BUT in group 0.5g/L, 30s was restored to preoperative level 1mo after surgery, while the BUT in groups 5g/L, 2min, was still not restored to preoperative level 3mo after surgery. The CFS in all groups recovered to preoperative level at 1mo after surgery.

CONCLUSION: 0.5g/L PI with 30s irrigation time may effectively reduce the conjunctival sac bacteria. Compared with other groups, its damage to the eye surface is smaller. It is safe and effective in preparation for cataract surgery.

Abstract:AIM:To analyze the differences of retinal thickness, retinal volume and choroidal thickness in the macular area in healthy people and patients with liver cirrhosis, and to explore the morphologic changes of retina and choroid in liver cirrhosis.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study. From January 2015 to March 2018, 168 eyes of 84 patients with liver cirrhosis and 100 eyes of 50 healthy people were included. Healthy people were the normal control group. The patients were divided into two groups, including compensated cirrhosis group(68 eyes of 34 patients)and decompensated cirrhosis group(100 eyes of 50 patients). All eyes underwent OCT examination to measure the retinal thickness and retinal volume in the macular area. EDI-OCT was used for choroidal thickness scanning, and the vertical distance between the strong reflection of Bruch film and the strong reflection of the choroidal sclera interface was defined as the choroidal thickness. The retinal thickness, retinal volume and choroidal thickness in the macular area in the three groups were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: The differences in retinal thickness and retinal volume between three groups were not significant(P>0.05). The subfoveal choridal thickness(SFCT)of three groups were 338.50±70.44, 357.00±89.16, 319.53±74.37μm(P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in nasal choroid thickness between the three groups(P<0.05). The choridal thickness in nasal area to fovea in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis was increased than that in healthy people(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The choridal thickness in nasal area to fovea in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis is thicker than that in healthy people. There are no significant differences in retinal thickness or retinal volume in macular area between healthy people and patients with liver cirrhosis.

Abstract:AIM: To study the causes of ocular trauma and how it leads to blindness in children and to put forward preventive measures.

METHODS: Collect related data of 163 cases of ocular trauma(under 14 years old), including age, sex, vulnerant(causes of ocular trauma), ophthalmology, classification of ocular trauma and complications. And make a comparison of the visual acuity before and after treatment. OTS score is used to make an analysis of the correlation between the prognosis and the visual acuity.

RESULTS: The ratio of male to female is 3.79:1; the most common group lies on the school-age children(7-10 years old); the visit time is ≤24h. Closed ocular trauma is the most common one. Collision injury is the main cause with blunt trauma as major type. Most patients got injured in residential areas and nearby areas. The most common complications are anterior chamber hemorrhage and traumatic cataract. The visual acuity of admission is grouped based on whether it is ≥0.05 or not. There are differences in visit time, nature of trauma, complications,trauma type and surgery, among which complications are independent influencing factors \〖OR=2.708, 95%CI(1.285-5.705)\〗. After the treatment, the visual acuity is grouped based on whether it is improved or not. There are differences in gender, age, visit time, nature of trauma and complications among which gender, age and visit time are independent influencing factors. The OR value of visit time is 2.895, 95%CI(1.296-6.465).

CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma is one of the main causes leading to blindness in children. However, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of most ocular trauma by preventive measures.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the refractive state and related factors of low birth weight infants aged 3-6 years old.

METHODS: During the study period from March to June 2018, 144 cases of low birth weight infants in 8 kindergartens were randomly selected as study group. The normal birth weight of the same kindergarten was randomly selected according to the 1:1 pairing principle as control group. The refractive status and eye biometrics of the two groups were compared. The factors related to the equivalent spherical power of low birth weight were analyzed.

RESULTS: Among the children of all ages, the spherical degree and the equivalent spherical degree of the study group were lower than the control group. The corneal curvature was higher than that of the control group. There were significant differences of the axial length and the cylindrical degree between the two groups for 5-6 years old children(P<0.05). After multiple regression, the equivalent spheroscopy degree =-10.491-0.442×age+0.765×gestational age+5.860×birth weight-1.529×axial length +0.547×corneal curvature(R²=0.823, P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: The trend of myopic refractive error and astigmatism in children with low birth weight of 3-6 years old is higher than that of normal birth weight. The refractive error is closely related to age, gestational age, birth weight, axial length and corneal curvature, which requires early monitoring and intervention.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the stability of ICL V4c for moderate and high myopia and its effect on high order aberrations.

METHODS: The differences of uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE), cylinder equivalent(CE), intraocular pressure(IOP), corneal endothelial cell count, total high order aberration(RMS), spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, coma were compared among high myopia patients who treated with ICL V4c intraocular lens implantation(research group: 17 cases, 34 eyes)and femtosecond small incision matrix lens extraction(SMILE)(control group: 18 cases, 34 eyes)before operation(T0), 1d after operation(T1), 1wk after operation(T2), 1mo after operation(T3), 3mo after operation(T4)respectively.

RESULTS: SE and CE in research group were higher than those in control group at T3-T4(P<0.05), RMS of higher order aberration and coma at T2-T4 were lower than those in control group(P<0.05), spherical aberration and horizontal coma at T4 were lower than those in control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: ICL V4c implantation is stable in the correction of moderate and high myopia, and has little effect on high order aberration.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze microstructural changes, after epithelium-off corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus by using in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).

METHODS: Totally 15 eyes in 15 patients with progressive keratoconus were treated by the photochemical epithelium-off cross-linking method. Patients were examined pre- and postoperatively by confocal in vivo laser scanning microscopy.

RESULTS: The sub-basal nerve significantly decreased or disappeared and the anterior corneal stroma had a honeycombed appearance but without the typical hy-perreflective keratocyte nuclei after early stage of treatment. At 3mo postoperatively, the corneal stroma had a small amount of the typical hy-perreflective keratocyte nuclei. After 12mo,the corneal stroma almost recovered to the preoperative level, but the sub-basal nerve were still sparse and didn't reach the preoperative level. The endothelial cells showed no significant reduction during the follow-up.

CONCLUSION: This IVCM study revealed loss of the sub-basal nerve plexus and loss of anterior stromal keratocytes in the early postoperative period, with regeneration of keratocyte repopulation by 12mo postoperatively, but the sub-basal nerve plexus didn't reach the preoperative level.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of combined treatment for fungal corneal ulcer in Western China.

METHODS: Totally 85 cases(85 eyes)of fungal corneal ulcer diagnosed in our hospital from November 2017 to February 2018 were determined according to the severity of the disease. Took 11 comprehensive measures to treat, they were treated with corresponding drugs and combined operation respectively, all patients were followed up for 6-8mo to observe corneal ulcer healing and final disease outcomes.

RESULTS: The average length of hospital stay for fungal corneal ulcer was 12d, and 79 eyes were cured in 85 eyes. The cure rate was 93%, 5 eyes improved(6%), and 1 eye was invalid(1%).

CONCLUSION: Systemic and local drug therapy for fungal corneal ulcer, the operation was performed by corneal debridement, iodine cautery, conjunctival flap covering, amniotic membrane transplantation and keratoplasty, which will receive ideal therapeutic effects and restore vision.

Abstract:AIM: To study the effect of intravitreal conbercept on corneal thickness and endothelial cells in macular edema patients.

METHODS:Intravitreal conbercept was performed on 30 eyes of 30 patients with macular edema due to different diseases from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2017 in our hospital. The central corneal thickness was identified by ultrasonic biomicroscope(UBM)before and after surgery. Specular microscopy was also used to detect the density of central corneal endothelial cells and proportion of hexagonal cells before and after surgery.

RESULTS:The central corneal thickness were 551.68±12.80μm before surgery, 552.06±13.22μm at the first day after surgery and 552.49±13.83μm at 1wk after surgery(P>0.05). The density of central corneal were 2551.03±287.55/mm² before surgery, and 2563.79±292.34, 2543.32±282.41, 2526.18±280.24, 2519.60±279.89/mm² at 1d, 1wk, 3mo and 6mo after surgery respectively, meanwhile, the proportion of hexagonal cells were(50.23±7.51)% before surgery, and(50.93±8.23)%,(50.60±7.91)%,(50.40±7.50)%,(50.93±8.19)% at 1d, 1wk, 3mo and 6mo after surgery respectively(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injections of conbercept demonstrated a safety in the treatment of macular edema. It seems no affects on corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cells at 6mo after intravitreal conbercept.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the Accuracy of OPD-Scan III labeling method in corneal astigmatism before Toric intraocular lens implantation(IOL).

METHODS: Totally 100 patients with cataract were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group according to the random number table, 50 cases each. The control group used a slit lamp horizontal narrow band labeling method. The observation group used the OPD-Scan III labeling method. The preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism and naked eye visual acuity were compared between the two groups. The axial dislocations of the two groups were measured at 1mo and 3mo after operation.

RESULTS: At 3mo after operation, corneal astigmatism(0.56±0.29、0.58±0.27D)decreased significantly in the two groups. The visual acuity of the naked eye was significantly higher than that before surgery. The corneal astigmatism(t=0.356, P=0.721)and the visual acuity of the naked eye were compared between the two groups(t=0.587, P=0.558). The IOL axial deviations were compared between the two groups at 1d and 3mo after surgery(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Before Toric IOL implantation, OPD-Scan III and slit lamp horizontal narrow band labeling method are equally accurate in labeling corneal astigmatism and without traumatic.

Abstract:AIM: To retrospectively analyze the clinical change of retinal vein occlusion inpatients of the Second People's Hospital of Foshan in the nearby five years.

METHODS: The data of inpatients in the Second People's Hospital of Foshan were collected by the term “retinal vein occlusion”from 2013-01-01 to 2017-12-31. Retrospective analysis of the details for the disease.

RESULTS: Totally 351 patients with retinal vein occlusion were admitted and treated for 473 times in five years. Elder with systemic disease(hypertension, diabetes and renal inadequacy)was more common. The hospital days were significantly statistical difference among five years with the shortest days in 2017. The prevalence of RVO was growing year by year, especially for BRVO, with statistical difference between 2017 and the other four years(P<0.005). Treatments for RVO were mainly including retinal laser, intravitreal injection or both combined. There was significantly statistical difference about the rate of intravitreal injection among five years(P<0.05)with the lowest one in 2013.“1+PRN” therapeutic regimen was more tolerable for patients than “3+PRN”.

CONCLUSION: BRVO is growing more sharply than CRVO in the nearby five years. Retinal laser combined with“1+PRN”intravitreal injection is the main therapeutic regimen for RVO in our hospital.

Abstract:AIM: To study the changes of choroidal thickness and the relationship between visual function and choroidal thickness before and after idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery.

METHODS: From January 2016 to December 2017, 30 patients(30 eyes)with idiopathic macular membrane who underwent surgical treatment in our hospital were selected to clinical study. All patients underwent TSV25G PPV with membrane and ILM peeling, patients were followed up by best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in preoperative and postoperative 1wk, 1mo and 3mo. We performed statistical analyses using SPSS22.0, for the evaluation of BCVA and SFCT, we compared the mean differences of preoperative and postoperative measurements. On the other hand, we estimated the correction relationship between BCVA and SFCT.

RESULTS: The BCVA at 3mo after operation was significantly higher than that before operation(P=0.011). We found a significant correlation between preoperative and postoperative 3mo BCVA(r=0.610, P<0.01), postoperative 1wk,1mo, 3mo showed no significant difference with preoperative SFCT(P=0.999). We found no significant correlation between BCVA and SFCT.

CONCLUSION: There was no significant change in choroid thickness after surgery, and also no significant correlation between visual function and choroid thickness.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept on neovascular age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)and its effect on choroidal thickness.

METHODS: A total of 213 patients(345 eyes)with ophthalmologic diseases who were treated in our hospital from March 2014 to December 2017 were randomly divided into control group(n=106, 176 eyes)and observation group(n=107, 169 eyes). The control group was treated with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and the observation group was treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept. The efficacy of the two groups and changes in choroidal thickness were compared and analyzed.

RESULTS: There was no significant difference in BCVA and CMT between the two groups before and after injection(P>0.05). However, BCVA and CMT in observation group and control group were significantly better than those before injection(P<0.05), and there was significant difference between before and after injection. There was no significant difference in central retinal thickness and choroid thickness between the two groups at baseline(1, 3, 6mo)(P>0.05). However, the central retinal thickness and choroid thickness at 6mo were significantly lower than those at baseline and 1, 3mo(P<0.05), which were statistically significant. After treatment, the total incidence of complications in the observation group and the control group were 5.7% and 7.7%, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of conbercept and triamcinolone acetonide has the same effect, which can not only improve and stabilize the visual acuity of patients, but also reduce the central retinal thickness and choroid thickness effectively. It has obvious curative effect and high safety, and has clinical application value.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the efficacy and independent influencing factors of YAG laser combined with RS drainage tube in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the cases of 250 patients with lacrimal duct obstruction treated by laser combined drainage tube in our hospital from 2015-01/2018-01, summarized the efficacy and analyzed the independent factors of efficacy.

RESULTS: The total effective rate of clinical treatment was 87.9%; course of disease(OR=8.654, 95% CI: 3.740-20.023), frequency of lacrimal passage(OR=3.480, 95% CI: 2.128-5.691), length of lacrimal duct obstruction(OR=0.518, 95% CI: 0.238-1.131), extubation time(OR=0.386, 95% CI: 0.237-0.628)and initial surgery(OR=14.717, 95% CI: 10.798-20.059)were the independent factor influencing the efficacy.

CONCLUSION: YAG laser combined with RS disposable drainage tube is effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Early treatment, avoiding multiple operations, proper irrigation of lacrimal passage after operation, and controlling extubation time, which are beneficial to improve the curative effect and improve the prognosis of patients.

Abstract:AIM:To evaluate the clinical effect of two surgical methods based on a new type of lacrimal canalicular anastomosis device.

METHODS:In this research, we observed eighty relative cases(80 eyes)of traumatic lower canalicular laceration and all clinical assessments were performed during and after operation. Two kinds of probes were used for lacrimal canalicular anastomosis. The elastic pigtail probe was used for double lacrimal canalicular intubation(experience group)and the straight probe was used for single lacrimal canalicular intubation(control group).

RESULTS: The average time of intubation was 12.1±3.7min in experience group and 21.2±5.5min in control group(t=8.68, P<0.05), and the average time of total operations was 28.9±5.6min in experience group and 34.4±6.8min in control group(t=3.95, P<0.05). The rates of anatomic and functional success were 88%(35 cases)and 90%(36 cases)in experience group and 82%(33 cases)and 90%(36 cases)in control group at 12mo after operation(P>0.05). There were 4 cases of epiphora and 5 cases of lacrimal stenosis in the experience group, and 4 cases of epiphora, 7 cases of lacrimal stenosis, 5 cases of skin scar, 2 cases of catheter displacement and 1 case of eyelid relaxation in the control group(P>0.05). The intraoperative penetration rate was 100% in both groups, and the false path was not observed in this study.

CONCLUSION: The two methods of lacrimal canalicular anastomosis have different advantages, and they are both effective and feasible therapies in clinic.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the effects of conjunctival approach, lateral approach, skin approach and lateral medial conjunctival approach on visual acuity, tumor residual rate and complications in patients with deep cavernous hemangioma of the orbit.

METHODS: Totally 114 patients with deep cavernous hemangioma of the orbit were divided into group A(30 cases, conjunctival approach), group B(34 cases, translateral approach)and group C(27 cases, transcutaneous)according to the surgical approach. The approach and the D group(23 cases, combined with the medial conjunctival approach via the lateral side), compared the visual acuity improvement effect, tumor residual rate and postoperative complications in the four groups.

RESULTS: There was no difference in visual acuity improvement between the four groups(P=0.918). The residual tumor rates of patients in group A, group B, group C and group D were 0, 2.9%, 3.7%, and 0, respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the four groups(P=0.244).

CONCLUSION: According to the indications of deep cavernous hemangioma of the orbit, the reasonable choice of minimally invasive surgery can effectively maintain the normal visual acuity level and the safety is consistent.

Abstract:AIM: To explore the effect of orbital fractures surgical reduction with endoscope.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 800 cases of orbital fractures patients in our hospital during August 2013 to August 2016, 354 cases of which received nasal external diameter surgery, included in control group; 446 cases received orbital fractures surgery with endoscope, included in observation group. All patients received postoperative 6-month follow up to observe postoperative clinical efficacy and improvement of diplopia classification eyeball depression, and to assess the satisfactory of facial appearance in patients.

RESULTS: Three months after surgery, the total effective rate of observation group was 92.8%, the control group was 90.4%(P>0.05); no significant difference in preoperative diplopia classification between them(P>0.05), diplopia was significantly improved in the follow-up at postoperative 3mo, diplopia 0 degree patients of observation group accounted for 70.9%, control group accounted for 66.7%(P>0.05); 6mo after surgery, the proportion of diplopia 0 was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group(97.1% vs 76.0%, P<0.05). There is no significant difference between the depth of preoperative endophthalmos(P>0.05). The proportion of postoperative enophthalmos depth≤1cm in the observation group was increased to 89.5%, and control group was increased to 85.9%(P>0.05). In the follow-up at postoperative 6mo, 97.3% patients with enophthalmos depth≤1cm, significantly higher than that of control group 80.8%, ignificant difference between groups(P<0.05). At 6mo follow-up, the satisfaction of facial appearance of observation group was 97.8%, significantly higher than that of the control group 94.6%(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Endoscope technique in the treatment of orbital fractures surgery can effectively improve the diplopia and enophthalmos, and better in long-time curing, postoperative recovery more in line with the aesthetic requirements of modern people.

Abstract:AIM: To investigate the changes of ocular surface and tear film before and after double eyelid operation with incision method.

METHODS: Ocular surface disease index questionnaire survey, S I t, break-up time of tear film(BUT), corneal fluorescein staining, tear fern test(TFT)and conjunctive impression cytology were examined at 17 patients(34 eyes)to evaluate function of ocular surface and tear film before and after the double eyelid operation with incision method.

RESULTS: There was significant difference in ocular surface disease index questionnaire survey scores before and after surgery(P<0.001). The score increased within 2wk postoperatively. There was significant difference in corneal fluorescein staining scores before and after surgery(P=0.008). The corneal epithelial staining spots increased within one day postoperatively. There was significant difference in S I t result before and after surgery(P<0.001)and it increased within 2wk postoperatively. There was significant difference in conjunctive impression cytology before and after surgery(P<0.001). Conjunctival goblet cells reduced within 1d postoperatively. There was no significant difference statistically in BUT of tear film and TFT before and after surgery(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION:In the early stage after surgery, patients showed obvious discomfort and irritation symptoms, and the corneal and conjunctival epithelium was slightly damaged. With the reconstruction of the ocular surface microenvironment and removal of sutures, all test results recovered to the preoperative level.

Abstract:AIM: To evaluate the effects and complications of levator shortening(LS)and frontalis myofascial suspension(FMFS)for the moderate and severe congenital ptosis.

METHODS: Totally 145 cases(188 eyes)with moderate and severe congenital ptosis were analysed retrospectively, hospitalized from January 2014 to December 2017. The clinical effect of both LS group(55 cases 71 eyes)and FMFS group(90 cases 117 eyes)were compared, and the complications of the two groups were observed.

RESULTS: The satisfaction rate, basic satisfactory rate and unsatisfactory rate of the two groups were no significant differences(U=-1.415, P=0.147)at postoperative 12mo. But in three different age groups analysis(<5, 5-10 and >10 years old group), FMFS group had the higher satisfactory rate(32.0% vs 8.7%)in <5 years old group(U=-2.244, P=0.025). Eleven eyes of 11 cases with conjunctival prolapsed only occurred in the LS group, 4 eyes of 4 cases with eyelid hematoma only occurred in the FMFS group. However, exposure keratitis, eyelid trichiasis, eyelid contour deformity and blepharoplasty separation occurred in both groups.

CONCLUSION: Both surgery methods have the good treatment effects on the moderate and severe congenital ptosis. FMFS has the higher satisfaction rate and the lower unsatisfactory rate in the infant <5 years old.

Abstract:AIM: To observe the efficacy and safety of central hole phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL V4c)implantation for correction high myopia.

METHODS: Fifty-eight high myopia patients(116 eyes)who underwent the ICL V4c implantation in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2017 were observed 1wk, 1mo and 1a after operation respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), equivalent spherical mirrors(SE), intraocular pressure(IOP), corneal endothelial cell count, ICL-vault, adverse reaction and complication were investigated.

RESULTS: Postoperative UCVA and BCVA were significantly higher than that in preoperative group(P<0.01). Significant differences were found between postoperative groups except between 1mo and 1a(P>0.05). Postoperative SE at all time points were lower than that in preoperative group(P<0.01). SE at 1mo and 1a after operation were close to 0 diopter. The safety index in 1a postoperative was 1.33±0.67 and the effective index was 1.32±0.69. No significant differences were found in IOP and endothelial cell density after surgery comparing to that in preoperative group(P>0.05). None of subjects developed cataract, glaucoma and decompensation of corneal endothelium. The degree of postoperative satisfaction was 100%.

CONCLUSION: ICL V4c implantation is a safe and effective method for correction of high myopia. The visual acuity stabilized 1mo after operation.

Abstract:AIM: To compare the differences of corneal diameter measured with wavelight anterior segment analyzer(Wavelight),IOL-master optical bio-measurement(LS900), anterior segment OCT(AS-OCT)and gauge.

METHODS: Totally 89 patients(177 eyes)with myopia who want to accept ICL were examined before operation with more than five kinds of instruments respectively, white to white(WTW)were examined with Wavelight, IOL-master, LS900 and gauge, angle to angle(ATA)with AS-OCT. Then the size of ICL was calculated based on the value of gauge. The vault of ICL was examined with OCT 3mo after operation.

RESULTS: WTW was(12.45±0.73, 11.96±0.39, 11.92±0.36, 11.49±0.30)mm measured by Wavelight, IOL-Master, LS900 and gauge respectively, ATA was(11.80±0.44)mm with AS-OCT. The value of gauge was the smallest one among them(all P<0.01). Among four instruments, there was no statistical difference between LS900 and AS-OCT(P=0.098), they can instead of each other; there were differences among other instruments(P<0.01). The size of ICL based on gauge was(12.77±0.37)mm. The vault of ICL is(537.41±181.22)μm 3mo after implantation obtained by OCT.

CONCLUSION: Gauge is ideal tool for measuring corneal diameter, it cannot be instead. Wavelight, IOL Master, LS900 and AS-OCT can be taken as reference.

Abstract:AIM: To analyze the correlation and consistency of five corneal diameter measurements.

METHODS: Totally 25 cases(50 eyes)who underwent ICL implantation in West China Hospital. The preoperative horizontal corneal diameter was measured using measuring caliper, SIRIUS anterior eye assay system, IOL Master500, anterior segment OCT and UBM.

RESULTS: The mean WTW distances were 11.54±0.30 mm as obtained with measuring caliper, 11.77±0.33mm with SIRIUS anterior eye assay system, 11.98±0.33mm with IOL Master500, 11.63±0.35mm with anterior segment OCT and 11.53±0.34mm with UBM. No statistical difference was found between measuring caliper and UBM, measuring caliper and anterior segment OCT, UBM and anterior segment OCT. The linear correlation analysis found significant correlation between the measurements of the five measurements. The Bland-Altman analysis for the measuring caliper and SIRIUS, measuring caliper and UBM, measuring caliper and anterior segment OCT found that the absolute values of 95% LOA upper and lower limits were less than 0.5mm.

CONCLUSION: The results of the four kinds of corneal horizontal diameter measurements can be interchanged including SIRIUS, UBM, anterior segment OCT and measuring caliper. IOL Master500 results are the largest, that cannot be used as a diagnostic basis for measuring the size of corneal horizontal diameter. The results of other measurement equipment should be combined with clinical practice.