Welcome To International Journal of Ophthalmology Press

International Eye Science—IES (Guoji Yanke Zazhi, ISSN:1672-5123) is a Chinese-English-mixed Ophthalmological publication indexed in Scopus, EMBASE, CA, IC, WPRIM of WHO, Chinese Core Journals, and China Core Periodical of Science and Technology. Its CST JCR IF in 2019 is 1.628, monthly.

Current Issue
Advance Publication
Latest Accepted
Article Ranking
Archive

Select All

Display Method:: |

Select All

Display Method::

Advances in Research on the Regulatory Role of Amphiregulin in Ocular Diseases 解析：

Tao Yunhe, Li Yujuan, Yin Xuewei, Guo Bin

Abstract:

Amphiregulin (AREG) is a member of the epidermal growth factor family. As a key ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), it can activate signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3, participating in biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, and inflammatory immune regulation. AREG is closely related to ocular diseases and plays an important role in corneal repair, improvement of retinal damage, and regulation of ocular axial length. This article summarizes the structure, distribution, and biological functions of AREG, focusing on its regulatory mechanisms in ophthalmic diseases: participating in dry eye disease associated with Sj?gren"s syndrome by driving epithelial thickening and chronic inflammation; promoting corneal repair through an immune-epithelial coordination mechanism; abnormally activating the EGFR/PI3K pathway leading to lens opacity; regulating ocular axial length elongation through the retinal-scleral signal axis; modulating microglial polarization affecting the progression of diabetic retinopathy; and enhancing ocular tumor drug resistance through epigenetic modification. This article systematically reviews the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AREG in ophthalmic diseases, aiming to explore its potential for clinical application in ophthalmic diseases.
Visual quality after optimized monovision Q-value-customized femtosecond laserassisted in situ keratomileusis for moderate myopia with presbyopia: 1-year clinical outcomes

yanglinjuan, shiqiang

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate visual quality, safety and efficacy after optimized monovision Q-value-customized femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (Custom-Q FS-LASIK) for moderate myopia and myopia astigmatism with presbyopia. Methodes: This prospective study enrolled 80 eyes of 40 patients suffering moderate myopia with presbyopia. All patients underwent optimized monovision Custom-Q FS-LASIK. At 12 months post operation, we evaluated full range of visual acuity, uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction,total corneal higher order aberrations ( HOAs), Q value, modulation transfer function cut off frequency (MTF cut off), Strehl ratio (SR), objective scatter index (OSI), and near stereoacuity. The impact of surgery on patients' living quality and their satisfaction were evaluated based on National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument (NEI RQL) scores at 1-year follow-up. Results: The forty patients included 12 males (30%) and 28 females (70%) with an average age of 46.03 ± 3.60 years (range: 40 to 53 years). One year postoperatively, the uncorrected binocular visual acuity of 20/20 or better at distance, near were all achieved in 97% of patients,The uncorrected binocular visual acuity of 20/30 or better at intermediate were achieved in 89% of patients.The spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ) in dominant eye within ±0.50D was 94%(R2=0.9878).SEQ in non-dominant eyes was -1.30 ± 0.48D, which was uncorrected compared to the expected value of -0.95 ± 0.30 D (the difference was -0.27±0.34D,P < 0.001). while in the nondominant eyes, the Q value became more negative than those before surgery (-0.33 ± 0.24 vs -0.21±0.09, P<0.001).The spherical aberration (SA) and longitudinal spherical aberration (LSA) both decreases significantly in non-dominant eyes (both P < 0.05). Besides, there were no significant changes in OSI, MTF cut off and SR in both dominant and non-dominant eyes (all P > 0.05), while the near stereoacuity was better after surgery while the near stereoacuity was better (p = 0.007). Additionally, the analyses of NEI RQL demonstrated that the satisfaction rate for the surgery was 94%, for visual acuity at distance and near were both 98%. 10.6 % of patients needed to wear low-diopter glasses when driving at night, and 12.7% of patients reported occasional halos under bright lights at night. Conclusions: Optimized monovision Custom-Q FS-LASIK demonstrated satisfactory safety and efficacy for correction of moderate myopia and myopia astigmatism with presbyopia. It achieved favorable subjective and objective visual quality as well as relative high level of patient satisfaction. However, we also observed a undercorrection in non-dominant eyes, indicating the further optimization of nomogram was needed.
The relationship between serum DLL4, CTRP5 with disease condition and visual disability of patients with diabetic retinopathy

zhaoyuan

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and complement C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 5 (CTRP5) with disease condition and visual disability of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: Totally 245 DR patients admitted from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They were assigned into the proliferative DR group (95 cases) and the non proliferative DR group (150 cases) based on their condition, and followed up for 1 year. Complying with the degree of visual disability, they were assigned into the visual disability group (39 cases) and the non visual disability group (206 cases). ELISA was used to detect serum DLL4 and CTRP5. The data and serum DLL4 and CTRP5 were compared among patients with different medical conditions and visual disabilities. Pearson method was used to explore the correlation between serum DLL4, CTRP5 and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the influencing factors of visual disability in DR. ROC curve was performed to explore the value of serum DLL4 and CTRP5 in predicting visual disability in DR. Results: The proliferative DR group had longer duration of DR, higher FPG, TG, TC, LDL-C, and serum DLL4 and CTRP5, and lower HDL-C than the non proliferative DR group (P<0.05). The serum DLL4 was unusually positively correlated with FPG, while the serum CTRP5 was prominently positively correlated with FPG, TG, TC, LDL-C, and prominently negatively correlated with HDL-C (P<0.05). The visual disability group had longer duration of DR and higher serum DLL4 and CTRP5 than the non visual disability group (P<0.05). The duration of DR and serum DLL4 and CTRP5 were influencing factors for visual disability in DR (P<0.05). The joint of serum DLL4 and CTRP5 had a higher value in predicting visual disability in DR patients than single indicator prediction (ZDLL4 - joint=3.018, PDLL4 - joint=0.003; ZCTRP5 - joint=2.784, PCTRP5 - joint=0.005). Conclusion: Serum DLL4 and CTRP5 are elevated in DR patients, and are closely related to the disease condition. The joint detection of serum DLL4 and CTRP5 has high value in predicting visual disability in DR patients.
Clinical observation of preoperative dry eye comprehensive treatment in cataract patients with diabetes

Dai Dan

Abstract:

Abstract Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of preoperative comprehensive treatment in cataract patients with diabetes. Methods: 60 patients who were admitted to our hospital from May 2023 to December 2024 and were diagnosed as cataract complicated with diabetes by slit lamp microscopy, Schirmer test, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, etc., and had different degrees of dry eye symptoms at the same time, were selected as the research objects. According to different preoperative dry eye treatment schemes, the patients were divided into two groups: the control group (30 cases) received only eye medication [artificial tears], and the experimental group (30 cases) received comprehensive preoperative dry eye treatment [artificial tears+meibomian gland clean massage+Chinese medicine fumigation+health guidance]. The tear film rupture time (BUT), corneal fluorescence staining (FL), ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear river height (TMH) and non-invasive tear film rupture time (NIBUT) were compared between the two groups before and after 4 weeks of treatment, and the meibomian gland loss, tear film lipid layer thickness and basic eye symptoms were evaluated. Results: After 4 weeks of preoperative treatment, the BUT of the experimental group increased from (4.09± 1.13) s to (10.35± 1.46) s, and that of the control group increased from (4.15 ±1.05) s to (8.26 ±1.36) s, with significant differences between the two groups (t=5.737, P < 0.001). The FL score of the experimental group decreased from (6.83± 0.46) to (2.86± 0.38), and that of the control group decreased from (6.79 ±0.39) to (5.32±0.43), with significant difference between the two groups (t=23.480, P < 0.001). After 4 weeks of treatment, the NIBUT of the experimental group increased from (5.19 ±1.12) s to (9.36 ±1.47) s, and that of the control group increased from (5.21± 1.04) s to (7.18 ±1.25) s (t = 6.188, P<0.001). The proportion of thin tear film lipid layer in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (all P<0.05); The clinical symptoms of the eyes in both groups of patients decreased after treatment, and the experimental group was lower than the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Pre operative dry eye comprehensive treatment can improve dry eye symptoms and tear film stability of cataract patients with diabetes from multiple dimensions, and provide an effective plan for perioperative management of cataract patients.
Evaluation and Analysis of the Prognostic Outcomes of Macular Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

bao lulu, wang li, wang mingliang, chen min, liu zhe

Abstract:

Abstract Objective: To investigate the differences in morphological structure and retinal blood perfusion between the affected eye and the contralateral healthy eye in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane (IMEM) before and after surgery, and to evaluate the association of these parameters with functional and anatomical outcomes to inform prognostic assessment. Methods: A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted at Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. Thirty consecutive patients diagnosed with unilateral IMEM were enrolled; the fellow eye served as an internal control. All participants underwent standardized ophthalmic evaluations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and color fundus photography. Key quantitative parameters assessed included central macular thickness (CMT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel density in the inner capillary plexus (ICP), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choroidal capillary perfusion area (CCPA). Measurements were obtained preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Correlation analyses were performed between baseline and longitudinal imaging/functional metrics and postoperative BCVA and CMT. Results: At baseline, IMEM-affected eyes demonstrated significantly reduced BCVA, DCP density, and FAZ area, alongside significantly increased CMT and CCPA (P< 0.05), compared with contralateral controls. Following vitrectomy with membrane peeling, CMT decreased significantly at both 1 and 3 months (P < 0.05) postoperatively; BCVA improved significantly by 3 months, and DCP density showed partial but statistically significant recovery at 3 months (P < 0.05). No significant change in FAZ area was observed postoperatively (P > 0.05). Correlation analyses revealed that 3-month BCVA was negatively associated with 3-month CMT. Preoperative DCP density and FAZ area were negatively correlated with 1-month CMT, whereas preoperative CMT and 1-month ICP/SCP densities were positively correlated with 1-month CMT. Furthermore, 3-month CMT was negatively associated with preoperative DCP and positively associated with preoperative CMT. Conclusion:In patients with IMEM, the affected eyes exhibit significantly reduced DCP density and FAZ area, alongside increased CMT and CCPA. Following vitrectomy with membrane peeling, foveal thickness decreased progressively, DCP density demonstrated partial restoration, and BCVA improved gradually. Preoperatively, smaller CMT and larger DCP and FAZ were associated with more favorable surgical outcomes; postoperatively, smaller ICP/SCP densities—combined with a larger FAZ—also correlated with better functional recovery.
Construction of a Stacking-Based Ensemble Learning Predictive Model for Myopia-Depression Comorbidity Among Middle School Students and Analysis of Influencing Factors

sunhao, wangdongyang, zhengwangcheng, zhangjiaxiang

Abstract:

Objective:To investigate the comorbidity status of myopia and depressive symptoms among middle school students, identify key influencing factors, and establish a prediction model, thereby providing empirical evidence for the comprehensive intervention of these two conditions.Methods: A total of 2,476 students from 3 middle schools in Feidong County were recruited between 2022 and 2024. Myopia was defined as uncorrected visual acuity ≤ 5.0 with spherical equivalent refraction < -0.50 diopters (D). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), with a score ≥ 16 indicating the presence of depressive symptoms. A database was established and data were entered using EpiData software. Pearson's chi-square test, multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify influencing factors and screen variables with R statistical software (version 4.5.2). Finally, a Stacking ensemble prediction model was constructed using Python 3.13 software. A Stacking ensemble learning prediction model was constructed based on the aforementioned analytical results.Results: The overall detection rate of myopia-depressive symptom comorbidity among the studied students was 14.54%. Univariate analysis showed that 26 variables were significantly associated with the comorbidity (all P < 0.05), including family structure, grade level, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, exercise frequency, school bullying, and parental physical or verbal abuse. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors: higher grade levels (8th grade: OR = 1.9143, 95%CI: 1.1096–3.3024; 9th grade: OR = 1.7884, 95%CI: 1.0506–3.0444; 11th grade: OR = 2.1847, 95%CI: 1.198–3.984; 12th grade: OR = 3.4606, 95%CI: 1.825–6.5621), daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages more than once (OR = 3.1383, 95%CI: 1.7112–5.756), low frequency of moderate-to-vigorous exercise on weekends and holidays (mostly achievable: OR = 3.3115, 95%CI: 1.009–10.8685), alcohol consumption (OR = 4.4021, 95%CI: 2.7383–7.0766), daily sedentary time exceeding 10 hours (OR = 1.8594, 95%CI: 1.2141–2.8476), lack of puberty education (OR = 3.0098, 95%CI: 2.0659–4.3848), and exposure to parental physical or verbal abuse (OR = 2.405, 95%CI: 1.1484–5.0364). Protective factors included no experience of school bullying (OR = 0.0055, 95%CI: 0.0002–0.1602), no history of severe injury (OR = 0.3118, 95%CI: 0.1823–0.5332), outdoor activities during class breaks (OR = 0.1672, 95%CI: 0.0752–0.3719), and moderate after-school homework duration (2–3 hours per day: OR = 0.4802, 95%CI: 0.262–0.8801). The constructed Stacking prediction model demonstrated good discriminative ability, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.855, a sensitivity of 81.5%, and a specificity of 74.0%. Key predictive factors included alcohol consumption status, location of recess activities, unhealthy lifestyle composite index (interaction term between sedentary duration and sugar-sweetened beverage intake frequency), academic stress index (interaction term between sedentary duration and homework duration), and after-school homework duration.Conclusion: The comorbidity of myopia and depression among middle school students is jointly influenced by multiple factors such as lifestyle, academic pressure, and family/campus environment. It is advocated to implement a three-level intervention system that includes restricting the sale of sugar-sweetened beverages, conducting psychological screening for sedentary students, and carrying out family-school-medical collaborative management of drinking behaviors. This model can be applied to school health screening and the early identification of high-risk groups in community adolescent health management. It is suitable for middle school students in regions with similar economic levels, but not applicable to students receiving special education or those with severe organic diseases.
Research Progress on the Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets of ANGPTL4 in Diabetic Retinopathy

fengjingrong, liyan, renxiaocao, lijixin, mayu, zhangwenfang, yangyi

Abstract:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of vision impairment in patients with diabetes. Current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies are limited by inadequate response in some patients and the necessity for repeated intravitreal injections, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a multifunctional secreted protein, has emerged as a critical regulator in the pathogenesis and progression of DR, positioning it as a promising interventional target. This review systematically elaborates on the biological characteristics of ANGPTL4, with a focus on its expression dynamics, molecular mechanisms, and regulatory networks in the development of DR. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of ANGPTL4-targeted therapeutic strategies, aiming to offer new insights and directions for understanding DR pathogenesis, advancing multi-target drug development, and improving clinical management.
Myopic Traction Maculopathy: Staging and Therapeutic Strategies

Yuan Mingzhu, Zhang Xian, Sun Xufang

Abstract:

Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) is a common vision-threatening complication in patients with high myopia. With the global increase in high myopia, the prevalence of MTM has been rising worldwide, leading to a growing burden of disease, economic costs, and social impact. The emergence and development of optical coherence tomography (OCT) have provided robust technical support for the staging of MTM. Based on the evolving understanding of its pathological mechanisms and natural course, various staging systems have been proposed and applied in clinical practice, offering crucial guidance for the personalized management of MTM patients. Additionally, innovations and refinements in surgical techniques and materials, such as pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), posterior scleral reinforcement, and macular buckling (MB), have expanded the therapeutic options for MTM. This article systematically reviews the staging systems and treatment strategies for MTM, focusing on the role of OCT-based staging in guiding individualized treatment plans. It also summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of existing and emerging surgical approaches, including PPV, MB, and their combined procedures. The review further proposes that future research should focus on developing predictive models integrating multimodal data to clarify surgical timing and indications, as well as conducting large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials to explore the selection of PPV, MB, or combined surgeries. The review aims to discuss personalized treatment for MTM, providing theoretical foundations and practical directions for optimizing clinical management for MTM patients.
Research Progress on the Relationship between Thyroid Hormones and Eye Diseases

louqian, sunlongjiao, bihongsheng, jiangwenjun

Abstract:

Thyroid hormone (TH) is an iodine-containing tyrosine derivative secreted by the thyroid gland, which can promote glycolipid metabolism and participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the body by regulating biological behaviors such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that abnormal expression of TH in eye tissues such as the orbit, retina, and sclera can affect the differentiation of soft tissue fat in the orbit, the oxidative stress of the retina, and the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) of posterior scleral cells, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of eye diseases such as Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and myopia. This article reviews the mechanism of action of TH in ophthalmic diseases and related research progress, with the aim of providing theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ophthalmic diseases.
Research Progress on Related Genes, Pathogenesis, and lncRNA Functions in Retinoblastoma

Qi-Hang Diao, Shuang-Xiu Li, Xin-Yan Xu, Rong-Yu Gao, Meng-Jun Fu

Abstract:

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in infants and young children, posing a serious threat to both vision and life. It is generally classified into heritable and non-heritable forms. Studies have shown that retinoblastoma cells most likely originate from cone precursor cells, and their development is closely associated with the inactivation of the RB1 gene. In addition to RB1, other genes such as MYCN, TP53, and PRMT1 are also involved in the initiation and progression of retinoblastoma. Dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways, including RB/E2F, WNT, and PI3K/AKT, collectively drives tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The treatment of retinoblastoma has evolved from a primary emphasis on enucleation to a comprehensive and individualized approach that prioritizes globe preservation and visual protection, incorporating local therapies, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Novel therapeutic strategies such as targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are also under active investigation. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as key regulators of gene expression, have gained increasing attention for their roles in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma. They show promise as novel diagnostic biomarkers and may provide new insights and strategies for the treatment of the disease. This review summarizes the research progress in the areas outlined above.

Select All

Display Method:

Select All

Display Method: |

Clinical analysis of 112 cases of giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lenses wearers

Rui-Bo Zhao, Jian-Jun Li

Abstract: (17474) HTML (0) PDF (225.96 KKB) (2250)

Abstract:

AIM:To investigate giant papillary conjunctivitis patients who can not be divorced from contact lenses change to frequent replacement type contact lenses and rigid gas permeable contact lenses and observe the condition of giant papillary conjunctivitis with or without changes.And to investigate the efficacy of desensitizing agents at the same time.METHODS:Totally 112 cases(208 eyes) who were diagnosed with giant papillary conjunctivitis in our center were randomly divided into four groups:Group 1(Ⅰ group) of 68 eyes were treated with frequent replacement type contact lenses combined with mingmuqing eye drops;Group 2(Ⅱ group)of 56 eyes were treated with frequent replacement type contact lenses combined with desensitizer eye drops;Group 3(Ⅲ group) of 52 eyes were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses combined with mingmuqing eye drops;Group 4(Ⅳ group)of 32 eyes were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses combined with desensitizer eye drops.RESULTS:Condition of giant papillary conjunctivitis patients in all the 4 groups were significantly improved,data of 4 groups were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The giant papillary conjunctivitis caused by contact lenses wearing can get effective control and cure of the disease without affecting wearing of contact lenses if the replacement of rigid gas permeable contact lenses or frequent replacement type contact lenses can be introduced timely.
1
Effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on intraocular inflammatory cytokine levels in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Jin-Xiu Luo, Zi-Zhong Hu, Qing-Huai Liu, Yuan Fang

Abstract: (16916) HTML (0) PDF (537.47 KKB) (1873)

Abstract:

AIM: To explore the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)agents(Conbercept)before pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)on inflammatory cytokine levels of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).
METHODS: A total of 49 patients(49 eyes)who diagnosed with PDR at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from June 2017 to January 2018 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. A total of 25 cases(25 eyes)who did not receive intravitreal injection before PPV were included in no-intravitreal injection of Conbercept(IVC)group, and 24 cases(24 eyes)who received IVC 5～7d before PPV were included in IVC group. The vitreous samples were collected from all the patients at the start of PPV. Levels of VEGF-A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)and inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor were measured using Luminex technology.
RESULTS: Compared with the no-IVC group, the level of VEGF-A decreased significantly(P<0.001), the concentration of IL-6(P=0.004), IL-8(P=0.002), IL-18(P=0.04)and TNF-α(P=0.03)increased remarkably in the IVC group. The other inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor showed no significant difference between the IVC and no-IVC groups.
CONCLUSION: IVC before PPV can effectively decrease the concentration of VEGF-A, but had limited influence on the level of inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor of patients with PDR.
1
Selection of intraocular lens calculation formula for cataract surgery in glaucoma patients

He-Lin Zhu, Jian Zhang, Hong Yan

Abstract: (15606) HTML (0) PDF (465.56 KKB) (1741)

Abstract:

Glaucoma and cataracts are the leading causes of blindness, and surgery is an important treatment option. Patients with glaucoma have clinical characteristics such as high intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber and short axial length, and the ocular structure is often altered after anti-glaucoma surgery like trabeculectomy. These changes also lead to differences in the accuracy of intraocular lens(IOL)refractive calculation between cataract surgery after anti-glaucoma surgery or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery and alone cataract surgery. Meanwhile glaucoma patients' individual clinical characteristics and structural changes caused by anti-glaucoma surgery have shown differences in the impact on the predictive accuracy of IOL diopters and the type of refractive drift. This article reviews the latest research advances in the causes of refractive error(RE), the characteristics of refractive drift, and the selection of the most appropriate IOL formula for glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery or cataract surgery after anti-glaucoma surgery or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery.
1
Current situation and prospect of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma

Xiao-Jie Zhou, Ren-Yi Wu

Abstract: (13176) HTML (0) PDF (480.93 KKB) (2069)

Abstract:

Childhood glaucoma is a kind of refractory glaucoma. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS)provides a safe and effective treatment option for childhood glaucoma. Most of the published studies tend to be with circumferential ab interno trabeculotomy, showing that its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of childhood glaucoma are comparable to non-MIGS circumferential ab externo trabeculotomy. Studies on KDB, trabectome and Xen-gel stent are relatively limited, but they may have advantages in some specific cases. While considering the advantages of each MIGs operation, it is also necessary to weigh the long-term effect of each operation method. In addition, more prospective and comparative researches, larger sample size and longer follow-up time are needed to verify the safety and effectiveness of MIGs in the treatment of childhood glaucoma.
1
Clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation

Lei Guo, Xian-Jun Liang, Xi-Qiao Zhang, Yan-Xue Xu, Ying-Jie Lin

Abstract: (13070) HTML (0) PDF (551.33 KKB) (1718)

Abstract:

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation.
METHODS:The retrospective study enrolled 22 cases(26 eyes)of cataract patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation from August 2020 to August 2021. Follow-up to 3mo after surgery, the changes of far, intermediate and near visual acuity, aberration, Strehl ratio(SR)and modulation transfer function cutoff(MTF-cutoff)frequency were compared. Defocus curve at 1mo postoperatively was made, and the visual quality and satisfaction were evaluated after 3mo of surgery.
RESULTS: The visual acuity of all patients was better than 0.1(LogMAR)at the far, intermediate and near distance at 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, and it was significantly improved compared with those before surgery(all P<0.01). The defocus curve transitioned smoothly between +0.5 and -3.0D at 1mo after surgery, and visual acuity was better than 0.63. The total aberration and spherical aberration in the whole eye were significantly lower after surgery than before, and the SR and MTF-cutoff were significantly improved at 1d and 1wk after surgery(all P<0.05). With high satisfaction and good visual quality, patients could watch at far, intermediate and near distance without wearing glasses at 3mo after surgery.
CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation gave patients a comfortable and satisfactory full-course vision.
1
Pars plana vitrectomy combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for treating macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia

Wen-Kui Zhu, Wen-Shuai Li, Pei-Shan Xu

Abstract: (12352) HTML (0) PDF (435.98 KKB) (1821)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in high myopia.
METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted. A total of 63 patients(64 eyes)with high myopia and MHRD who treated at our hospital from October 2017 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to different surgery, with 34 cases(35 eyes)who received PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in group A, and 29 cases(29 eyes)received PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling in group B. The patients were followed up for 6mo. The two groups were compared in terms of the hole closure rate, the reduction rate of retinal detachment and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation, and the postoperative complications were recorded.
RESULTS: The hole closure rate within 6mo after operation was significantly higher in group A than in group B(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction rate of retinal detachment(P>0.05). The BCVA of the two groups was significantly improved over time after operation(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA between the two groups before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(P>0.05). Complications were observed in the two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique is safe and effective in the treatment of MHRD in high myopia, which can effectively improve the patients' BCVA and the hole closure rate without influence on intraocular pressure.
1
Risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Xue Zu, Guang-Zheng Dai, Tie-Zhu Lin

Abstract: (12151) HTML (0) PDF (1.96 MKB) (2194)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma(NVG)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).
METHODS: The PDR patients who received 23G PPV treatment at Shenyang He Eye Specialist Hospital from October 2015 to September 2020 and were followed up for at least 12mo with complete data were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of NVG during follow-up. The preoperative and intraoperative variables between two groups were compared. The cumulative hazard ratio for NVG was evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 151 PDR patients(169 eyes)with a mean follow-up of 18.07±12.55(1～79)mo were included, of which 30(17.8%)eyes developed NVG, the mean time of occurrence was 6.27±4.01(1～17)mo, and 50%(15 eyes)of NVG occurred within 5mo after vitrectomy. The cumulative hazard ratios of NVG at postoperative 3, 6 and 12mo were 4.8%, 12.6% and 18.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative best corrected visual acuity(OR=3.077, 95%CI: 1.203～7.869, P=0.019), preoperative iris rubeosis(OR=7.897, 95%CI: 1.313～47.498, P=0.024), and contralateral NVG(OR=22.108, 95%CI: 1.562～312.861, P=0.022)were risk factors with the occurrence of NVG, while the number of intraoperative retinal laser photocoagulation(OR=0.772, 95%CI: 0.666～0.893, P=0.001)was the protective factor with the occurrence of NVG.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NVG in PDR eyes after PPV was 17.8%, of which 50% occurred within 5mo after surgery. PDR eyes with poor baseline visual acuity, iris rubeosis, and contralateral NVG are prone to postoperative NVG, and sufficient intraoperative retinal laser photocoagulation has a certain protective effect. PDR eyes after PPV should be closely followed up for 1a.
1
Expression of CTRP9 in serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

Hai-Xia Jing, Shu Zhang, Hui-Ling Bai, Qin Liu, Xiao-Yan Zhu

Abstract: (11973) HTML (0) PDF (498.90 KKB) (1850)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the expression and correlation of C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9(CTRP9)levels in the serum of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of non-mydriatic fundus photography, they were divided into non-DR(NDR)group(n=45), non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group(n=45), proliferative DR(PDR)group(n=45); according to the results of optical coherence tomography, DR patients were divided into DME group(n=51), non-DME group(n=39). In addition, other 45 healthy subjects who matched the age and sex of the experimental group were selected as normal control group. The clinical data and biochemical index test results of subjects in each group were recorded and compared, the correlation between serum CTRP9 level and other biochemical indexes was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DR and DME were explored.RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum CTRP9 levels among subjects in normal control group, NDR group, NPDR group and PDR group(P&#x003C;0.001), and normal control group &#x003E; NDR group &#x003E; NPDR group &#x003E; PDR group. There was significant difference in serum CTRP9 level between DME group and non-DME group(P&#x003C;0.001), and non-DME group &#x003E; DME group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CTRP9 in DR patients was negatively correlated with the course of diabetes(rs=-0.251, P&#x003C;0.05), the level of serum CTRP9 in DME patients was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)(rs=-0.370, P&#x003C;0.05)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)(rs=-0.421, P&#x003C;0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes(OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.068～1.335,P=0.002)and the level of serum CTRP9(OR=0.936, 95%CI: 0.907～0.966,P&#x003C;0.001)were risk factors for DR. The level of serum CTRP9 was a risk factor affecting the occurrence of DME(OR=0.838, 95%CI: 0.778～0.903, P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The reduction of CTRP9 level is a risk factor for the occurrence of DR and DME, which may be of great significance to the risk assessment of both DR and DME.
1
Surgery management and progress of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy associated retinal detachment

Zi-Wei Zhao, Jie Peng, Pei-Quan Zhao

Abstract: (11892) HTML (0) PDF (475.18 KKB) (1825)

Abstract:

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy(FEVR)is a hereditary disorder of retinal angiogenesis, of which the most typical clinical feature is the peripheral avascular area. The progression of the disease can lead to retinal detachment(RD), followed by secondary complications such as cataracts, glaucoma, corneal opacification, and even bulbi phthisis. As one of the main reasons for the RD in Asian children and juvenile, FEVR-associated retinal detachment(FEVR-RD)is mainly treated by surgery, including pars plana vitrectomy, scleral bucking, and combined with retinal photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial grouth factor(VEGF)sometimes. The surgery of FEVR-RD requires careful pre/intra-operative evaluation to determine the best surgical procedure and its outcome, including the nature of the affected eye, the stage, the fibrosis of fiber proliferation and the anterior complications, and the anatomy and prognosis of eyes in different stages vary greatly. Adult patients with rhegmatogenous RD have a higher rate of post-operative retina reattachment compared to young patients with tractional RD. In young or advanced patients, surgery is difficult and the prognosis is less optimistic, thus the surgery strategy is controversial. This article reviews the surgical outcomes and progress of FEVR-associated RD.
1
Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with Toric intraocular lenses implantation in correction of high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism

Wei Fan, Guang-Bin Zhang

Abstract: (10170) HTML (0) PDF (433.14 KKB) (1817)

Abstract:

AIM: To measure the indexes including postoperative distance, middle, near visual acuity and near stereopsis vision of patients with high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism by femtosecond laser, which can quantify the diameter of capsulorhexis opening, and to evaluate the availability and necessity of Toric intraocular lenses(IOL)in high myopia.
METHODS: Prospective case-control study. Patients with binocular high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism who undergone femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in our hospital were selected, and they were divided into two groups, with 20 cases(40 eyes)in group A(Toric IOL)and 20 cases(40 eyes)in group B(IQ IOL). Indexes, including preoperative corneal astigmatism and spherical equivalent and best-corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected middle visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, near stereopsis acuity, total high-order aberration and total spherical aberration, were measured postoperatively at 7d, 1 and 3mo.
RESULTS: The uncorrected middle and near visual acuity, Titmus near stereopsis acuity and residual astigmatism at 7d, 1 and 3mo after surgery were significantly improved in the Toric IOL group than the non-Toric group(all P<0.05). The dependence on glasses was reduced. The postoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity, total high-order aberration and total spherical aberration of the two groups showed no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of Toric IOL in patients with high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism can effectively correct corneal astigmatism, improve postoperative uncorrected middle and near visual acuity and near stereopsis visual function, reduce postoperative dependence on glasses and enhance binocular stereopsis visual function.
1
Application value of new assistive technology in keratopathy-associated cataract surgery

Zhen-Bo Zhao, Li-Wei Ma, Kai-Li Tang, Yu-Xi Ding, Dong Han, Jing Wang

Abstract: (10012) HTML (0) PDF (493.57 KKB) (1999)

Abstract:

Keratopathy-associated cataract, that is, on the basis of corneal disease, and later the development of lens opacity, seriously damage visual quality. In order to avoid corneal transplantation for some patients, partial visual quality can be restored. A comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the effect of corneal opacity on visual function is of great improtance for determining cataract surgery alone. Due to the opacity of the cornea, the operation is very difficult and challenging. Therefore, it is of clinical value to develop and use new assistive technologies, including capsule staining, endoillumination, pupil dialation technology, femtosecond laser assisted technology, etc., avoiding problems such as limited visibility and decreased light flow caused by corneal opacity and facilitating cataract surgery. This article reviews progress of assistive technologies for keratopathy-associated cataract, hoping to guide clinical application.
1
Applicability comparison between Chinese dry eye questionnaire and ocular surface disease index questionnaire among college students

Ruo-Jun Geng, Jing-Jing Wei, Kai-Li Yang, Shao-Pei Wang, Sheng-Wei Ren

Abstract: (9274) HTML (0) PDF (1.17 MKB) (2102)

Abstract:

AIM: To evaluate the applicability of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in college students using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire as a reference.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 711 college students from Nanyang Medical College were enrolled in the study and assessed for dry eye condition using OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The response rate of each question in the two questionnaires was counted. Cronbach α was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of both questionnaires. Correlation between the total scores of the two questionnaires was analyzed to evaluate the criterion validity. Based on OSDI scores, the discriminant validity of Chinese dry eye questionnaire was evaluated; receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves was plotted for Chinese dry eye questionnaire scores, area under the ROC curve(AUC)was calculated, and diagnostic thresholds and corresponding sensitivity and specificity were also analyzed.
RESULT: The response rates of the 12 questions on the OSDI questionnaire were 33.2%-100.0%, while it was 100.0% for each question on the Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The Cronbach α values of OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire were 0.905 and 0.789, respectively. The Chinese dry eye questionnaire score was positively correlated with the OSDI score(r_s=0.712, P<0.001). According to OSDI questionnaire scores, dry eye severity was divided into normal group, mild dry eye group, moderate dry eye group and severe dry eye group. The scores of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in these groups were 4.00(2.00, 6.00), 9.00(7.00, 11.00), 12.00(9.00, 14.00)and 16.00(13.50, 22.00), respectively, which increased with the severity of dry eye, and the overall difference was statistically significant(P<0.001), as well as pairwise comparison between groups(P<0.05). The AUCs of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in distinguishing normal population from dry eye population, mild dry eye from moderate dry eye, moderate dry eye from severe dry eye were 0.862, 0.661 and 0.769, respectively, and the diagnostic thresholds were 6.5, 11.5 and 14.5, respectively.
CONCLUSION:Chinese dry eye questionnaire has an equivalent reliability, validity, discriminant ability and better response rate for dry eye screening and epidemiological survey among college students in China compared with OSDI questionnaire.
1
Research progress on optical coherence tomography imaging indicators of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

Mei Sun, Xiao-Feng Hao, Li-Ke Xie, Qi Jin

Abstract: (9148) HTML (0) PDF (470.25 KKB) (1912)

Abstract:

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common cause of visual loss classified under retinal vascular disorders after diabetic retinopathy, and its complication, macular edema(ME), is the leading cause of vision loss. Currently, the first-line treatment for RVO-ME is the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, which can improve retinal morphology and patients' vision. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)can clearly image retinal structures, and some specific imaging features found by OCT have become biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of RVO patients. The recent findings of biomarkers are reviewed, such as central retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, disorganization of retinal inner layers, hyperreflective foci, integrity of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone, central macular volume, prominent middle limiting membrane, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, highly reflective line, to provide references for selecting the best treatment for RVO.
1
Recent advances in treatment of retinitis pigmentosa

Ming Ai, Ming Sun, Dai Li

Abstract: (9145) HTML (0) PDF (412.02 KKB) (2294)

Abstract:

Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by the progressive photoreceptor and pigment epithelial cells dysfunction.It is the common cause of blindness in the whole worldwide.Until now it is not clear about its exact pathogenesis and etiology,so effective treatments are still little.This paper looks back on lots of the recent domestic and abroad related documents,eapecially abroad,and then reviews research advances in treatment of RP.
1
Diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye after corneal refractive surgery

Mei-Mei Zhang, Shen Wang, Jing Zhang, Chen Li, Shan-Shan Ge, Jia Yu, Yue-Hua Zhou

Abstract: (8923) HTML (0) PDF (1.47 MKB) (2253)

Abstract:

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of the diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light(IPL)on meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)dry eye after refractive surgery.
METHODS:A total of 64 patients(128 eyes)with MGD dry eye diagnosed within 6mo after laser corneal refractive surgery in our hospital from March 2021 to December 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. A total of 33 patients(66 eyes)in the control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate combined with IPL, and 31 patients(62 eyes)in the experimental group were treated with diquafosol sodium combined with IPL. Ocular symptom scores were performed before each IPL treatment in both groups to examine non-invasive tear breakup time(NIBUT), tear meniscus height, lipid layer grade of tear film, meibomian gland deletion rate and uncorrected visual acuity.
RESULTS:After IPL treatment, ocular symptom scores and meibomian gland deletion rate score of two groups were decreased continuously. NIBUT, tear meniscus height and lipid layer grade of tear film were increased continuously, and there was no significant change in uncorrected visual acuity. NIBUT of patients in the experimental group was better than that in the control group before the third IPL treatment(6.24±0.27s vs. 5.51±0.24s, P=0.046).
CONCLUSIONS:Both diquafosol sodium and sodium hyaluronate combined with IPL showed good therapeutic effect on MGD dry eye, but there was no significant difference in the short-term efficacy between the two groups.
1
Evaluation of macular microvasculature alterations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

Feng-Tao Ji, Hui Wang, Ke Wei, Yong-Rong Li, Wei Dai, Zhi-Min Wang, Rong-Feng Liao

Abstract: (8904) HTML (0) PDF (936.23 KKB) (2119)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.
RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm²)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm²), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm²)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm²; all P<0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P<0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.
CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.
1
Suture guided gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

Shan Zhong, Hui Yang, Shi He, Wen-Jing He

Abstract: (8857) HTML (0) PDF (467.79 KKB) (2005)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of suture-guided gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy(GATT)combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).
METHODS: A total of 84 patients(84 eyes)with POAG and cataract who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. There were 43 cases(43 eyes)in the combined group who underwent suture-guided GATT combined with phacoemulsification, and 41 cases(41 eyes)in the simple group who underwent suture-guided GATT. The two groups were followed up for 3mo to compare the surgical success rate, intraocular pressure, topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs, visual acuity and postoperative complications.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in overall success rate between the combination and simple groups at 3 mo after surgery(88% vs. 85%, P>0.05). The intraocular pressure levels and topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups(all P>0.05). The visual acuity at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery of patients in the combined group was significantly better than that in the simple group(P<0.01). During the follow-up period, the incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and transient hypertension in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the simple group(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Both suture-guided GATT combined with cataract phacoemulsification and suture-guided GATT are effective treatment for POAG, however, suture-guided GATT combined with phacoemulsification has a lower incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and transient ocular hypertension.
1
Research advances in contact lens associated bacterial keratitis

Yu-Lin Yan, Yan-Ning Yang, Shan-Shan Wan

Abstract: (8812) HTML (0) PDF (512.03 KKB) (1947)

Abstract:

Contact lens(CL)is currently one of the most common methods of vision correction, with more than 140 million users worldwide and the demand is rising yearly as constantly development of materials and features. Wearing CL can lead to a variety of complications such as dry eye, corneal abrasions, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis is one of the most severe complications. According to research, bacteria account for 80%～95% of the pathogens that cause CL-associated infective keratitis, it may have been related to the bacterial composition, virulence mechanism, biofilm formation and the combined effect of the lens itself and the process of use, which is prone to introducing pathogens, reducing antimicrobial capacity of the cornea and tears and causing ocular surface hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation. Overnight and prolonged lens wear, irregular lens purchase, use and care procedures can also be risk factors for bacterial infections. This article reviews the studies on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CL-related bacterial keratitis.
1
Relationship among fasting plasma glacose coefficient of variation and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Shu-Ying Fu, Yan-Min Dong

Abstract: (8802) HTML (0) PDF (1.78 MKB) (1875)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the relationship among the fasting plasma glucose coefficient of variation(FPG-CV)and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR).
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 82 cases(82 eyes)with NPDR admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to June 2022 was the research object, and another 82 cases(82 eyes)of non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)patients during the same period were selected as the control group, and the clinical data of the two groups of patients were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the incidence of NPDR, and the back propagation(BP)neural network model was established and evaluated. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation among FPG-CV and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients.
RESULTS: The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the disease duration ≥7.2a, glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥7.7%, triglyceride(TG)≥1.9 mmol/L, microalbuminuria(MALB)≥24.5 mg/L, FPG-CV ≥9.8%, superficial capillary plexus-vessel density(SCP-VD)<27.6%, deep capillary plexus-vessel density(DCP-VD)<47.7%, foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area ≥0.38 mm², central retinal thickness(CRT)≥197.7 μm and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)<227.7 μm were risk factors for NPDR(P<0.05). The number of hidden layer nodes is 5, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, calibration curve and clinical decision curve show that the prediction model has good discrimination, accuracy and validity. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that FPG-CV was negatively correlated with SCP-VD, DCP-VD and SFCT(P<0.05); FPG-CV was positively correlated with FAZ area and CRT(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The course of disease, HbA1c, TG, MALB, FPG-CV, SCP-VD, DCP-VD, FAZ area, CRT and SFCT are all related to the pathogenesis of NPDR. With the increase of FPG-CV, the indexes of macular morphology and microcirculation changed. FPG-CV was negatively correlated with SCP-VD, DCP-VD and SFCT and positively correlated with FAZ area and CRT.
1
Research progress on corneal nerves and substance P in viral keratitis

Yi Mu, Hong Zhang

Abstract: (8689) HTML (0) PDF (490.87 KKB) (1822)

Abstract:

Diseases like viral keratitis can harm corneal nerves, which are necessary for maintaining the health and functionality of the cornea. Recent research has shown that corneal nerve pathology affects the infected eye as well as the contralateral one, and that aberrant changes in sympathetic nerves can be seen, with the exception of sensory nerves that correspond to corneal sensation. However, apart from in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal sensation, there have been no additional prognostic indicators that allow clinicians to assess the severity of corneal nerve damage. While multiple functions of corneal nerves are mediated by neuropeptides, substance P, the first topical neuropeptide used in ocular clinical practice, was proved to regulate the process of viral infections, and it is involved in bilateral corneal pathologies through pro-inflammatory and neurotrophic functions in viral keratitis, so it may be used as a diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target. Therefore, this review summarized the changes and roles of corneal nerves as well as substance P in viral keratitis, which may serve as a reference for further study into associated mechanisms and clinical applications.
1

Home

Instructions for Authors

Call for Papers

Journal overview

Article Search

Contact us

Email Alert

RSS

Volume 26,2026 Issue 4

Articles in English

Experimental study

Clinical Article

Review Aritcle

Clinical research

Artificial intelligence and ophthalmology

Clinical report

UserLogin

Scan the code to subscribe