Abstract:Thyroid hormone(TH)is an iodinated derivative of the amino acid tyrosine secreted by the thyroid gland.It promotes glycolipid metabolism and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes by regulating cellular behaviors, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that aberrant expression of TH in the orbit, retina, and sclera, and other ocular tissues can induce abnormal differentiation of orbital soft tissue adipocytes, alteration of retinal oxidative stress, and degradation of posterior scleral extracellular matrix(ECM), which contributes to the pathogenesis of many ophthalmic diseases, including Graves ophthalmopathy(GO), age-related macular degeneration(ARMD), diabetic retinopathy(DR), and myopia. This article reviews the role and mechanism of TH in various ophthalmic diseases, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of these ocular disorders.
