Abstract:Thyroid hormone (TH) is an iodine-containing tyrosine derivative secreted by the thyroid gland, which can promote glycolipid metabolism and participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the body by regulating biological behaviors such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that abnormal expression of TH in eye tissues such as the orbit, retina, and sclera can affect the differentiation of soft tissue fat in the orbit, the oxidative stress of the retina, and the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) of posterior scleral cells, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of eye diseases such as Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and myopia. This article reviews the mechanism of action of TH in ophthalmic diseases and related research progress, with the aim of providing theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ophthalmic diseases.
