Optical coherence tomography imaging in keratoconus
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Three-Year Program to Promote Clinical Skills and Clinical Innovation Capabilities in Municipal Hospitals(No.SHDC2020CR1043B)

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    Abstract:

    Keratoconus is a chronic, non-inflammatory corneal disease, characterized by thinning of the corneal stroma and local corneal dilation with cone-shaped protrusion, and it usually leads to irregular astigmatism and myopia, posing great threat to eyesight. Corneal topography is the primary diagnostic tool for confirming keratoconus, while optical coherence tomography is now playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of keratoconus due to its ability of corneal sublayer imaging and superiority in repeatability, resolution, and data acquisition speed. This article discusses and reviews the clinical characteristics of keratoconus, the classification and characteristics of optical coherence tomography and its novel applications in the early diagnosis of keratoconus, contact lens fitting, corneal cross-linking therapy, and corneal transplantation; furthermore, progress in derivative technologies including optical coherence elastography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography associated with keratoconus is included in this article. We hope our study will help to further exploit the role of optical coherence technology in clinical keratoconus management.

    Reference
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㌀䔀㬀㌀㘀 䴀愀稀稀漀琀琀愀 䌀Ⰰ 䈀愀氀攀猀琀爀愀稀稀椀 䄀Ⰰ 吀爀愀瘀攀爀猀椀 䌀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 吀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 瀀爀漀最爀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 欀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀甀猀 戀礀 爀椀戀漀昀氀愀瘀椀渀ⴀ唀嘀䄀ⴀ椀渀搀甀挀攀搀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ氀椀渀欀椀渀最 漀昀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 挀漀氀氀愀最攀渀㨀 甀氀琀爀愀猀琀爀甀挀琀甀爀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 戀礀 䠀攀椀搀攀氀戀攀爀最 刀攀琀椀渀愀氀 吀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀 䤀䤀 椀渀 瘀椀瘀漀 挀漀渀昀漀挀愀氀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀礀 椀渀 栀甀洀愀渀猀⸀ 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 ㈀  㜀㬀 ㈀㘀⠀㐀⤀㨀㌀㤀 ⴀ㌀㤀㜀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㌀㜀 䘀甀攀渀琀攀猀 䈀漀渀琀栀漀甀砀 䘀Ⰰ 䜀愀氀氀攀琀琀椀 䨀䜀Ⰰ 吀礀琀椀甀渀 䄀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䔀昀昀攀挀琀猀 漀昀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 挀爀漀猀猀氀椀渀欀椀渀最 昀漀爀 欀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀甀猀 愀猀猀攀猀猀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䌀甀爀攀甀猀 ㈀ ㄀㈀㬀 㐀⠀㄀ ⤀㨀 攀㘀㄀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㌀㠀 䌀栀攀渀 堀䨀Ⰰ 匀琀漀樀愀渀漀瘀椀挀 䄀Ⰰ 圀愀渀最 堀刀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䔀瀀椀琀栀攀氀椀愀氀 琀栀椀挀欀渀攀猀猀 瀀爀漀昀椀氀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀 愀昀琀攀爀 挀漀洀戀椀渀攀搀 琀漀瀀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀ⴀ最甀椀搀攀搀 琀爀愀渀猀攀瀀椀琀栀攀氀椀愀氀 瀀栀漀琀漀爀攀昀爀愀挀琀椀瘀攀 欀攀爀愀琀攀挀琀漀洀礀 愀渀搀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 挀爀漀猀猀ⴀ氀椀渀欀椀渀最 椀渀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 欀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀甀猀⸀ 䨀 刀攀昀爀愀挀琀 匀甀爀最 ㈀ ㄀㘀㬀 ㌀㈀⠀㤀⤀㨀㘀㈀㘀ⴀ㘀㌀㐀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㌀㤀 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀 刀Ⰰ 䈀愀爀戀愀爀愀 䄀Ⰰ 一愀昀琀愀氀椀 䴀⸀ 䐀攀瀀琀栀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀渀搀攀搀 瘀猀 愀挀琀甀愀氀 椀渀琀愀挀猀 椀渀琀爀愀猀琀爀漀洀愀氀 爀椀渀最 猀攀最洀攀渀琀猀 甀猀椀渀最 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䔀礀攀⠀䰀漀渀搀⤀㈀ ㄀㘀㬀 ㌀ ⠀㄀⤀㨀㄀ ㈀ⴀ㄀㄀ ☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀  䴀漀渀琀攀椀爀漀 吀Ⰰ 䄀氀昀漀渀猀漀 䨀䘀Ⰰ 䘀爀愀渀焀甀攀椀爀愀 一Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 倀爀攀搀椀挀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 琀甀渀渀攀氀 搀攀瀀琀栀 昀漀爀 椀渀琀爀愀猀琀爀漀洀愀氀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 爀椀渀最 猀攀最洀攀渀琀猀 椀洀瀀氀愀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 洀愀渀甀愀氀 愀渀搀 昀攀洀琀漀猀攀挀漀渀搀 氀愀猀攀爀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀⸀ 䨀 刀攀昀爀愀挀琀 匀甀爀最 ㈀ ㄀㠀㬀 ㌀㐀⠀㌀⤀㨀㄀㠀㠀ⴀ㄀㤀㐀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀とべ㈠㙦㭯⍲砠どの㍶䕥㭳㑴ㅩ⁧䭡畴捩畯浮攠湯⁦删䉣Ɐ䝬潡牧来畮渠⁣䕲Ɐ⁳女攭湬敩牮敫汩乧䴮Ⱐ⁊攠瑂⁩慯汭⹥⁤䤠湏瑰牴愠漲瀰攱爵愻琠椲瘰攨‴甩猺攰‴漶昰‰䄱匀ⴀ伀䌀吀 搀甀爀椀渀最 椀渀琀爀愀猀琀爀漀洀愀氀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 爀椀渀最 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 椀洀瀀氀愀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 伀瀀栀琀栀愀氀洀椀挀 匀甀爀最 䰀愀猀攀爀猀 䤀洀愀最椀渀最 ㈀ ㄀㈀㬀 㐀㌀⠀㘀 匀甀瀀瀀氀⤀㨀匀㄀ 㤀ⴀ匀㄀㄀㘀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㈀ 䜀攀渀挀 匀Ⰰ 䔀洀椀渀 匀甀挀甀 䴀Ⰰ ☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀䌀㜀㬀愀欀洀愀欀 匀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䐀攀攀瀀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 氀愀洀攀氀氀愀爀 欀攀爀愀琀漀瀀氀愀猀琀礀 琀攀挀栀渀椀焀甀攀猀㬀 瀀爀攀搀攀猀挀攀洀攀琀椀挀 瘀攀爀猀甀猀 戀椀最 戀甀戀戀氀攀㨀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 猀琀甀搀礀⸀ 䨀 䘀爀愀渀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀䔀㜀㬀愀椀猀 䐀✀漀瀀栀琀愀氀洀漀氀漀最椀攀 ㈀ ㈀ 㬀 㐀㌀⠀㌀⤀㨀㈀㈀㈀ⴀ㈀㈀㜀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㌀ 䈀漀爀搀攀爀椀攀 嘀䴀Ⰰ 吀漀甀栀愀洀椀 匀Ⰰ 䜀攀漀爀最攀漀渀 䌀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 倀爀攀搀椀挀琀椀瘀攀 昀愀挀琀漀爀猀 昀漀爀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀昀甀氀 琀礀瀀攀 ㄀ 戀椀最 戀甀戀戀氀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 搀攀攀瀀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 氀愀洀攀氀氀愀爀 欀攀爀愀琀漀瀀氀愀猀琀礀⸀ 䨀 伀瀀栀琀栀愀氀洀漀氀 ㈀ ㄀㠀㬀 ㈀ ㄀㠀㨀㐀㘀㠀㔀㐀 㘀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㐀 䨀愀渀甀渀琀猀 䔀Ⰰ 䰀愀渀最攀渀戀甀挀栀攀爀 䄀Ⰰ 匀攀椀琀稀 䈀⸀ 䤀渀 瘀椀琀爀漀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 漀昀 搀漀渀漀爀 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 甀猀椀渀最 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 伀䌀吀⸀ 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 ㈀ ㄀㘀㬀 ㌀㔀⠀㔀⤀㨀㘀㐀㜀ⴀ㘀㔀㌀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㔀 匀愀渀琀漀爀甀洀 倀Ⰰ 夀甀 䄀䌀Ⰰ 䈀攀爀琀攀氀氀椀 䔀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䴀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀攀ⴀ椀渀琀攀最爀愀琀攀搀 椀渀琀爀愀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀ⴀ最甀椀搀攀搀 戀椀最ⴀ戀甀戀戀氀攀 搀攀攀瀀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 氀愀洀攀氀氀愀爀 欀攀爀愀琀漀瀀氀愀猀琀礀⸀ 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 ㈀ ㈀㈀㬀 㐀㄀⠀㄀⤀㨀㄀㈀㔀ⴀ㄀㈀㤀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㘀 䰀椀甀 夀䌀Ⰰ 圀椀琀琀眀攀爀 嘀嘀Ⰰ 夀甀猀漀昀昀 一娀䴀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䤀渀琀爀愀漀瀀攀爀愀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀ⴀ最甀椀搀攀搀 昀攀洀琀漀猀攀挀漀渀搀 氀愀猀攀爀ⴀ愀猀猀椀猀琀攀搀 搀攀攀瀀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 氀愀洀攀氀氀愀爀 欀攀爀愀琀漀瀀氀愀猀琀礀⸀ 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 ㈀ ㄀㤀㬀 ㌀㠀⠀㔀⤀㨀㘀㐀㠀ⴀ㘀㔀㌀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㜀 䈀漀爀搀攀爀椀攀 嘀䴀Ⰰ 匀愀渀搀愀氀椀 伀Ⰰ 䈀甀氀氀攀琀 䨀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䰀漀渀最ⴀ琀攀爀洀 爀攀猀甀氀琀猀 漀昀 搀攀攀瀀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 氀愀洀攀氀氀愀爀 瘀攀爀猀甀猀 瀀攀渀攀琀爀愀琀椀渀最 欀攀爀愀琀漀瀀氀愀猀琀礀⸀ 伀瀀栀琀栀愀氀洀漀氀漀最礀 ㈀ ㄀㈀㬀 ㄀㄀㤀⠀㈀⤀㨀㈀㐀㤀ⴀ㈀㔀㔀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㠀 䰀椀 夀Ⰰ 䜀漀欀甀氀 䄀Ⰰ 䴀挀䜀栀攀攀 䌀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 刀攀瀀攀愀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 愀渀搀 愀最爀攀攀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 戀椀漀洀攀琀爀椀挀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 甀猀椀渀最 猀瀀攀挀琀爀愀氀 搀漀洀愀椀渀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 愀渀搀 匀挀栀攀椀洀瀀昀氀甀最 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 椀渀 欀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀甀猀⸀ 倀䰀漀匀 伀渀攀 ㈀ ㈀㄀㬀 ㄀㘀⠀㔀⤀㨀攀 ㈀㐀㠀㘀㔀㤀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㐀㤀 䘀氀漀挀欀攀爀稀椀 䔀Ⰰ 䔀氀稀攀爀 䈀Ⰰ 䐀愀愀猀 䰀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 吀栀攀 爀攀氀椀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀 漀昀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀椀瘀攀 猀挀栀攀椀洀瀀昀氀甀最 椀洀愀最椀渀最 愀渀搀 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 洀攀愀猀甀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 搀攀挀爀攀愀猀攀猀 眀椀琀栀 椀渀挀爀攀愀猀椀渀最 欀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀甀猀 猀攀瘀攀爀椀琀礀⸀ 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 ㈀ ㈀㄀㬀 㐀 ⠀㄀㄀⤀㨀㄀㐀㌀㌀ⴀ㄀㐀㌀㤀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀  搀攀 匀琀攀昀愀渀漀 嘀匀Ⰰ 䘀漀爀搀 䴀刀Ⰰ 匀攀瘀攀渀 䤀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䐀攀瀀琀栀ⴀ搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 戀椀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 瀀爀漀瀀攀爀琀椀攀猀 椀渀 渀漀爀洀愀氀 愀渀搀 欀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀椀挀 猀甀戀樀攀挀琀猀 戀礀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 攀氀愀猀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 吀爀愀渀猀氀 嘀椀猀 匀挀椀 吀攀挀栀渀漀氀 ㈀ ㈀ 㬀 㤀⠀㜀⤀㨀㐀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㄀ 䘀漀爀搀 䴀刀Ⰰ 刀漀礀 䄀匀Ⰰ 刀漀氀氀椀渀猀 䄀䴀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 匀攀爀椀愀氀 戀椀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 挀漀洀瀀愀爀椀猀漀渀 漀昀 攀搀攀洀愀琀漀甀猀Ⰰ 渀漀爀洀愀氀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 挀漀氀氀愀最攀渀 挀爀漀猀猀氀椀渀欀攀搀 栀甀洀愀渀 搀漀渀漀爀 挀漀爀渀攀愀猀 甀猀椀渀最 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 攀氀愀猀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䨀 䌀愀琀愀爀愀挀琀 刀攀昀爀愀挀琀 匀甀爀最 ㈀ ㄀㐀㬀 㐀 ⠀㘀⤀㨀㄀ 㐀㄀ⴀ㄀ 㐀㜀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㈀ 一愀椀爀 䄀Ⰰ 匀椀渀最栀 䴀Ⰰ 䄀最氀礀愀洀漀瘀 匀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䠀攀愀爀琀戀攀愀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 攀氀愀猀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀㨀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 戀椀漀洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀猀 椀渀 瘀椀瘀漀⸀ 䨀 䈀椀漀洀攀搀 伀瀀琀 ㈀ ㈀㄀㬀 ㈀㘀⠀㈀⤀㨀 ㈀ 㔀 ㈀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㌀ 匀椀渀最栀 䴀Ⰰ 䰀椀 䨀匀Ⰰ 嘀愀渀琀椀瀀愀氀氀椀 匀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 伀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 攀氀愀猀琀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 昀漀爀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀椀渀最 挀甀猀琀漀洀椀稀攀搀 爀椀戀漀昀氀愀瘀椀渀⼀唀嘀ⴀ愀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 挀漀氀氀愀最攀渀 挀爀漀猀猀氀椀渀欀椀渀最⸀ 䨀 䈀椀漀洀攀搀 伀瀀琀 ㈀ ㄀㜀㬀 ㈀㈀⠀㤀⤀㨀㤀㄀㔀 㐀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㐀 䌀栀愀渀 匀夀Ⰰ 倀愀渀 䌀吀Ⰰ 䘀攀渀最 夀⸀ 䰀漀挀愀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 挀漀爀渀攀愀氀 渀攀漀瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀 甀猀椀渀最 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 愀渀最椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䌀漀爀渀攀愀 ㈀ ㄀㤀㬀 ㌀㠀⠀㜀⤀㨀㠀㠀㠀ⴀ㠀㤀㔀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㔀 䜀椀洀攀渀攀稀ⴀ匀愀渀挀栀椀猀 䤀Ⰰ 倀愀氀愀挀椀漀猀ⴀ䌀愀爀洀攀渀 䈀Ⰰ 䜀愀爀挀愀ⴀ䜀愀爀爀椀最猀 䄀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䄀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 愀渀最椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 琀漀 攀瘀愀氀甀愀琀攀 琀栀攀 瀀攀爀椀瀀栀攀爀愀氀 昀椀琀琀椀渀最 漀昀 猀挀氀攀爀愀氀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 氀攀渀猀攀猀⸀ 䌀氀椀渀 伀瀀琀漀洀⠀䄀甀挀欀氀⤀㈀ ㄀㠀㬀 ㄀ 㨀㄀ ㌀ⴀ㄀ 㠀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㘀 䨀攀猀甀猀 䨀Ⰰ 䐀椀愀猀 䰀Ⰰ 䄀氀洀攀椀搀愀 䤀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䄀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 漀昀 挀漀渀樀甀渀挀琀椀瘀愀氀 瘀愀猀挀甀氀愀爀 搀攀渀猀椀琀礀 椀渀 猀挀氀攀爀愀氀 挀漀渀琀愀挀琀 氀攀渀猀 眀攀愀爀攀爀猀 甀猀椀渀最 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀 愀渀最椀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䌀漀渀琀愀挀琀 䰀攀渀猀 䄀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 䔀礀攀 ㈀ ㈀㈀㬀 㐀㔀⠀㄀⤀㨀㄀ ㄀㐀 ㌀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㜀 䘀甀欀甀搀愀 匀Ⰰ 夀愀洀愀渀愀爀椀 䴀Ⰰ 䰀椀洀 夀Ⰰ 攀琀 愀氀⸀ 䬀攀爀愀琀漀挀漀渀甀猀 搀椀愀最渀漀猀椀猀 甀猀椀渀最 愀渀琀攀爀椀漀爀 猀攀最洀攀渀琀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀栀礀⸀ 䤀渀瘀攀猀琀 伀瀀栀琀栀愀氀洀漀氀 嘀椀猀 匀挀椀 ㈀ ㄀㌀㬀 㔀㐀⠀㈀⤀㨀㄀㌀㠀㐀ⴀ㄀㌀㤀㄀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䌀㬀戀爀☀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㈀㘀㬀⌀砀  ㌀䔀㬀㔀㠀 䨀甀 䴀䨀Ⰰ 吀愀渀最 匀⸀ 唀猀愀最攀 漀昀 瀀漀氀愀爀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀ⴀ猀攀渀猀椀琀椀瘀攀 漀瀀琀椀挀愀氀 挀漀栀攀爀攀渀挀攀 琀漀洀漀最爀愀瀀
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Bing-Qing Sun, Xiao-Yu Zhang, Xing-Tao Zhou. ,/et al.Optical coherence tomography imaging in keratoconus. Guoji Yanke Zazhi( Int Eye Sci) 2023;23(3):416-420

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Publication History
  • Received:June 14,2022
  • Revised:February 06,2023
  • Online: March 02,2023