Welcome To International Journal of Ophthalmology Press

International Eye Science (IES), the Chinese edition of the International Eye Journal, is an international bilingual ophthalmic academic journal supervised by the Health Commission of Shaanxi Province and sponsored by the Xi’an Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Its China Standard Serial Number: ISSN 1672-5123, CN 61-1419/R.

IES is currently a Chinese Core Journal of Science and Technology, a Chinese Medical and Health Core Journal, a Chinese Applied Core Journal, a Q1 journal in the Chinese Academic Journal Classification, and a High-Quality Scientific and Technological Journal of Shaanxi Province. It is indexed by multiple authoritative domestic and international databases including WJCI, Scopus, Embase, JST, UPD, CA, IC and WPRIM.

Rooted in China and oriented to the world, the journal welcomes manuscripts on basic and clinical research in ophthalmology, related disciplines and interdisciplinary fields. It is committed to developing a high-quality Chinese ophthalmic academic journal with international characteristics.

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The core factors and application of multiple linear regression fusion model in predicting the risk of myopia in preschool children

wangqingjin

Abstract:

Objective: To construct a predictive model for the risk of myopia in preschool children and evaluate its clinical value.Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 550 preschool children (550 eyes, including those with poor vision and those with the same vision in the right eye) who visited hospitals from January 2020 to December 2024. The data were divided into a training set (n=385) and a validation set (n=165) in a 7:3 ratio. The data of the children were collected in detail, and the children ''s spherical equivalent (SE) was used as the dependent variable. The multiple linear regression model was used to screen the indicators that affected the biological indicators related to myopia in preschool children. Subsequently, the children in the training set were divided into a myopia group (n=34) and a normal vision group (n=351) based on whether myopia occurred (SE ≤ -0.50D can be diagnosed as myopia according to refractive power assessment). Subsequently, the influencing factors selected by the multiple linear regression model were included as predictive variables, and a risk prediction equation was constructed using Logistic regression. The discrimination, calibration and clinical application value of the prediction model were verified through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve.Result: The clinical data between the training set and the validation set were comparable (P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the ratio of axial length (AL) to corneal curvature radius (CR), axial length (AL), choroidal thickness (SFCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), age, and parental myopia history were risk factors for myopia in preschool children (all P<0.05). Based on the above risk factors, a Logistic regression risk prediction model was constructed to obtain a warning model logit (P)=0.881 × AL/CR-0.318 × SFCT+0.408 × ACD+2.064 × age+1.442 × parental myopia history -29.310. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the myopia risk prediction model for preschool children based on the training set showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.941 (95% CI: 0.916-0.966), and the H-L test was χ2=4.194, P=0.839. The decision curve indicated that within the threshold range of 0.01-0.72 and 0.77-0.98, the net return rate was greater than 0, suggesting that the model had good discrimination, calibration, and clinical application value in predicting the risk of myopia in preschool children compared to the actual risk. Internal validation was conducted in an independent validation set, and the results showed that the AUC of the ROC curve was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.919-1.000), the H-L test was χ2=3.818, P=0.873, and the decision curve indicated that within the threshold range of 0.01-0.99, the net return rate was greater than 0, further suggesting that the model prediction had good consistency with the actual risk.Conclusion: Age, parental history of myopia, AL/CR, SFCT, and ACD are risk factors for myopia in preschool children. The Logistic regression risk prediction model constructed based on these factors has high predictive value and can effectively evaluate the probability of myopia occurrence in individuals, providing reference for individualized prevention of myopia risk in preschool children.
Mechanisms of ICL-Induced Astigmatism with Superior versus Temporal Incisions

zhaowanghua, xulanhua, chenxia, huangshutian, zhuliangyong

Abstract:

AIM:To quantitatively evaluate the vectorial effect of different incision locations on surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) following implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation and to clarify the relative contributions of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces to total corneal SIA. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 98 patients (162 eyes) who underwent ICL/toric ICL implantation between July 2023 and January 2024. Patients were divided into superior incision group (78 eyes) and temporal incision group (84 eyes) according to the expected postoperative residual astigmatism. Pentacam measurements were performed preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively to obtain total corneal refractive power and anterior and posterior corneal curvature radii. Anterior and posterior corneal surface powers and total corneal astigmatism were calculated. Thibos vector analysis was applied to decompose corneal astigmatism into orthogonal components J0 and J45, and the changes in J0 (ΔJ0) were calculated for each surface. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the associations of anterior surface ΔJ0, posterior surface ΔJ0, and incision location with total corneal ΔJ0. RESULTS: This study included 162 patients (162 eyes), with 75 eyes in the superior incision group and 87 eyes in the temporal incision group. A total of 154 patients (154 eyes) completed follow-up: 72 patients (72 eyes) in the superior incision group (17 males and 55 females, aged 25.96 ± 6.17 years) and 82 patients (82 eyes) in the temporal incision group (20 males and 62 females, aged 27.79 ± 6.47 years). In the superior incision group, the total cornea and anterior surface J0 shifted toward positive values (against-the-rule), with ΔJ0 of 0.146 ± 0.108 D and 0.199 ± 0.117 D, respectively, while the posterior surface J0 shifted toward negative values (with-the-rule), with ΔJ0 of ?0.050 ± 0.022 D; the temporal incision group showed the opposite trend. Multiple regression analysis showed an excellent model fit (adjusted R² = 0.943), with anterior surface ΔJ0 as the main influencing factor (B = 0.968, β = 1.137, P < 0.001) and posterior surface ΔJ0 also contributing independently and significantly (B = 1.018, β = 0.297, P < 0.001). Incision location and its interaction terms with anterior and posterior surface ΔJ0 were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on 3month postoperative follow-up, superior incisions induce a predominant withtherule SIA vector, while temporal incisions induce a predominant against-the-rule SIA vector. Anterior surface ΔJ0 is the primary contributor to total corneal ΔJ0, and posterior surface ΔJ0 also demonstrates a statistically significant association. Incision location exerts no direct independent effect on the magnitude of total corneal ΔJ0; its effect is indirectly realized by inducing specific directional SIA vector changes on the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.
The effect of preoperative retinal ganglion cell complex thickness on visual quality after cataract combined with glaucoma surgery

huangxiangping

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the effect of preoperative retinal ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC) on visual quality after cataract combined with glaucoma surgery. Method: A retrospective study was conducted. Clinical data of 115 patients (115 eyes) with cataract and glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation, and angle separation surgery in the hospital were collected from January 2023 to December 2024. Preoperative evaluation of retinal GCC was performed, and the three-point method was used to divide the GCC thickness in the macular area into low thickness group (<70.00 μ m, 31 cases), medium thickness group (70.00-74.00 μ m, 47 cases), and high thickness group (>74.00 μ m, 37 cases). Postoperative visual quality was evaluated by visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, field of view, and subjective visual quality (QoV) at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Univariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the inter group data of GCC thickness in different macular regions before surgery. Linear regression analysis was used to verify the effect of preoperative macular GCC thickness on postoperative visual acuity at 6 months. Result: Comparative analysis of baseline data among the three patient groups showed no statistically significant differences (P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in visual acuity LogMAR values, contrast sensitivity values, mean visual field deviation values, QoV scores, group effects, time effects, and interaction effects among the groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in the LogMAR values, contrast sensitivity values, mean visual field deviation values, and QoV scores among the three groups before surgery (P>0.05). At postoperative months 1, 3, and 6, the low-thickness group exhibited higher visual acuity LogMAR values and QoV scores compared to the medium-and high-thickness groups, with the medium-thickness group showing superior performance to the high-thickness group (P<0.05). The low-frequency, mid frequency, and high-frequency contrast sensitivity values, as well as the average deviation of the field of view, were lower in the low thickness group than in the medium and high thickness groups, and the medium thickness group was lower than the high thickness group, with statistical significant diffwerences (P<0.05). At 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, the LogMAR and QoV scores of the three groups of patients decreased compared to preoperative visual acuity, while the contrast sensitivity and visual field average deviation values of low frequency, medium frequency, and high frequency increased, with statistical significant diffwerences (P<0.05). The LogMAR and QoV scores of the three groups of patients were higher at 1 month after surgery than at 3 and 6 months after surgery, with statistical significant diffwerences (P<0.05). The low frequency, mid frequency, and high frequency contrast sensitivity values, as well as the average deviation of the visual field, were all lower in the three groups of patients one month after surgery than at 3 and 6 months after surgery, with statistical significant diffwerences (P<0.05). Through linear regression analysis, the model fit was good (F=53.846, P<0.001), and the thickness of GCC in the macular area before surgery had a negative impact on the LogMAR value of visual acuity at 6 months after surgery (β=-0.006, P<0.001). The regression equation was: Y=0.716-0.006 × X preoperative macular GCC thickness. The model determination coefficient R2=0.323 suggested that preoperative GCC thickness can explain 32.3% of the degree of visual acuity variation at 6 months after surgery. For every 1 μm reduction in the thickness of the GCC before the surgery, the average LogMAR visual acuity value increased by 0.006 at 6 months after the surgery. Conclusion: Preoperative retinal GCC thickness is a protective factor for visual quality after cataract combined with glaucoma surgery. The thicker the preoperative GCC, the better the visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field recovery at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Moreover, for every 1 μ m decrease in preoperative GCC thickness, the average LogMAR visual acuity value at 6 months after surgery increases by 0.006, which can be used as one of the preoperative predictive indicators for postoperative visual quality.
The value of OCTA parameters and serum caspase-1 in assessing severity of diabetic retinopathy

taodaodian, zhou dai ying, hu yifei

Abstract:

Abstract Objective： To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters and serum caspase-1 for assessing the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods： 128 patients(151 eyes) with DR into our hospital from June 2024 to December 2025 were selected in the retrospective study and divided into early non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group (n=75,90 eyes,40 males and 35 females,age of 74.3±5.6 years) and late proliferative DR (PDR) group (n=53,61 eyes,27 males and 26 females,age of 75.9±5.8 years) based on the results of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Additionally, 60 patients(0 eyes,33 males and 27 females,age of 72.6±5.4 years) of diabetes without DR were selected as control group. OCTA parameters, including macular blood flow density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) circumference and area, mean retinal thickness, hyperreflective dots (HRF) and internal limiting membrane abnormalities among the groups were compared. Blood biochemistry parameters, including fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and caspase-1 were also compared. Results： Among control group, NPDR group and PDR group, macular blood flow density gradually decreased, while FAZ circumference and area, mean retinal thickness gradually increased, HRF and internal limiting membrane abnormalities gradually increased, SII, UACR and caspase-1 levels gradually increased,too (P<0.05). The duration of diabetes in NPDR group and PDR group were longer than control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that duration of diabetes, HRF and caspase-1 level were the risk factors to occurrence of DR, while macular blood flow density was protective factor (P<0.05),caspase-1 level was risk factor to progression of DR to PDR, macular blood flow density was protective factor (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that area under curve (AUC) of caspase-1 combined with macular blood flow density for predicting occurrence of DR and PDR were 0.864 and 0.890, respectively, both higher than single indicators (P<0.05). Conclusion： The combination of macular blood flow density from OCTA parameter and serum caspase-1 has important clinical value in assessing severity of DR.
The Effect of the Myopia Prevention and Control Guidance Stations Model on Axial Elongation in School-Age Children

FU, XUEMEI

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the myopia prevention and control guidance stations (MPCGS) on axial length elongation in school-aged children. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Three schools in Qingyang District, Chengdu, that implemented the MPCGS in 2023 were selected as the intervention group, while three schools in the same district without such stations served as the control group. A total of 3,404 students enrolled in grades 1–3 in 2022 and completed continuous follow-up from 2022 to 2025 were included, with 1,709 in the intervention group and 1,695 in the control group. Students were categorized into three groups based on their enrollment grade in 2022: Group A (Grade 1), Group B (Grade 2), and Group C (Grade 3). The intervention group received the school-hospital-family integrated model for myopia prevention and control. Comparisons were stratified by grade, with independent samples t-tests used for intergroup analyses of annual axial elongation (ΔAL) between the intervention and control groups, and repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests used for within-group comparisons across time points. Results: No significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups within each grade (A, B, and C) at baseline for age, sex, SE, AL, ΔSE (2022-2023), or ΔAL (2022-2023) (all P > 0.05). During the first intervention year (2023–2024), intergroup comparisons revealed no significant differences in ΔAL between the intervention and control groups within Groups A, B, and C (all P > 0.05). During the second intervention year (2024–2025), the intervention group showed significantly lower ΔAL than the control group within Groups A and B (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017, respectively), while no significant between-group difference in ΔAL was detected in Group C (P = 0.419). Within-group comparisons revealed significant differences in ΔAL across time points within each of Groups A, B, and C (all P < 0.001). Compared with the pre-intervention year, ΔAL significantly decreased in all groups during the second intervention year (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: The school-hospital-family integrated MPCGS model was associated with a deceleration in axial elongation, with this association exhibiting a time-dependent cumulative effect and being more pronounced in lower-grade children (grades 1-2).
Visualization Analysis of Clinical Research Hotspots and Trends in Amblyopia in China and Worldwide from 2015 to 2025 Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer

jiajinjin, jiajing, wangjue, sunyan, sa yuping, yanxingke

Abstract:

Objective: To characterize the current status, research hotspots, and differences in the evolution of Chinese- and English-language clinical research on amblyopia from 2015 to 2025, and to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia and future research. Methods: Chinese- and English-language studies on the clinical management of amblyopia were retrieved from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. Bibliometric and visualization analyses of publication output, institutions, authors, and keywords were conducted using CiteSpace 6.4.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.19. Results:A total of 1,302 publications were included, comprising 920 Chinese-language and 382 English-language publications. The annual number of Chinese-language publications declined after 2020, whereas that of English-language publications showed an overall increasing trend. Relevant studies involved 18 countries, with relatively closer interinstitutional collaboration observed in the English-language literature; the collaboration networks of core authors in both Chinese- and English-language literature exhibited multiple clusters. A total of 360 and 283 keyword nodes were identified in the Chinese- and English-language literature, respectively. High-frequency keywords in both groups mainly involved four aspects: amblyopia types, study populations, outcome measures, and treatment modalities. Both Chinese- and English-language studies focused on anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. Chinese-language studies predominantly investigated children of different age groups, whereas adult amblyopia received earlier attention in the English-language literature. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis were the major outcome measures of common interest, while optical correction and occlusion therapy remained the mainstay treatments. 19 and 13 keyword clusters were identified in the Chinese- and English-language literature, respectively. Burst analysis showed that digital treatment such as binocular dichoptic training, emerged relatively earlier in the English-language literature, and quality of life, and amblyopia risk factors screening have received considerable attention in recent years. In Chineselanguage literature, attention to digital visual training and traditional Chinese medicine interventions has gradually increased. English-language studies initiated neuroimaging assessments using restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging at an earlier stage. Conclusions: From 2015 to 2025, Chinese- and English-language clinical research on amblyopia has shown diversified development, with substantial similarities in the major types of amblyopia investigated, visual function assessment, and basic treatment modalities, but differences in the timing and emphasis of some research hotspots. Clinical research on amblyopia is gradually expanding from improvement in visual acuity alone toward restoration of binocular visual function, multidimensional outcome assessment, and investigation of visual neural mechanisms, while treatment strategies are becoming increasingly digitalized and individualized. Future research should further optimize standardized treatment, strengthen investigations into adult amblyopia, digital binocular vision training, visual neural mechanisms, and multidimensional outcome assessment, and evaluate the clinical value of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine interventions through high-quality clinical studies.
Research progress of microcystic macular edema in neuro-ophthalmic diseases

cuixueqing, zouwenjun

Abstract:

Microcystic macular edema (MME) is a characteristic retinal imaging finding characterized by cystic changes within the inner nuclear layer (INL). It was first described in patients with optic neuritis associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). Subsequent studies have shown that MME is also present in a broad spectrum of neuro-ophthalmic disorders, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), and hereditary optic neuropathies. Moreover, its presence is closely associated with disease severity and visual dysfunction. Current evidence suggests that the development of MME may be attributed to transsynaptic cell loss and vitreomacular traction. A deeper understanding of the clinical characteristics and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of MME may provide valuable insights into its role as a potential biomarker and offer important evidence for the diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognostic assessment of various neuro-ophthalmic disorders.
Mechanisms of PANoptosis and Its Research Progress in Ocular Diseases

zhang liyang, wang baojun, Li yan

Abstract:

PANoptosis is a newly recognized form of inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD) that integrates key molecular features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, rather than representing a simple combination of these pathways. It is characterized primarily by loss of plasma membrane integrity and the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby contributing to immune regulation and tissue injury. Previous studies have focused mainly on the roles of PANoptosis in cancer, infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders, whereas its involvement in ocular diseases remains incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding PANoptosis in ocular diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and keratitis, and may provide a basis for further investigation into its potential roles and underlying mechanisms.
Research Progress on Low-Dose Atropine Combined with Other Interventional Measures in Myopia Control

dengdongdong, lixue, xinrui, tianmulan, zhanghui

Abstract:

Myopia has evolved into a global public health concern, highlighting the critical importance of myopia prevention and control. This paper elaborates on the pathogenetic mechanisms of myopia and relevant therapeutic interventions, with a focused discussion on the action mechanisms and research advances of low-dose atropine combined with other interventional measures for myopia control. By comparing the advantages and limitations of such combined regimens, this review aims to provide scientific and safe strategies for myopia prevention and management.
Application Value of Ultra-Widefield Fundus Imaging in the Assessment of Peripheral Retinal Lesions and Tigroid Fundus in Myopia

liuhuilu

Abstract:

Abstract Objective: To investigate the differences in ocular parameters among patients with varying degrees of myopia, analyze the correlation between tessellated fundus (FT) severity and ocular biometric parameters as well as fundus lesions, and evaluate the clinical value of ultra-widefield imaging (UWFI) in the risk assessment of myopic fundus lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 197 eyes were enrolled and divided into four groups: emmetropia and mild myopia group (n=25), moderate myopia group (n=38), high myopia group (n=94), and ultra-high myopia group (n=40). Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), and spherical equivalent (SE) were measured. FT severity (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe) and fundus lesions were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation analysis, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: A total of 197 patients (197 eyes) were enrolled, including 88 males (44.7%) and 109 females (55.3%), with a median age of 36.00 (27.00, 47.00) years (range: 18–60 years). The patients were divided into four groups based on refractive status: emmetropia and mild myopia group (25 eyes), with a median age of 36.00 (23.00, 47.00) years, 13 males (52.0%) and 12 females (48.0%); moderate myopia group (38 eyes), with a median age of 30.00 (23.00, 37.00) years, 18 males (47.4%) and 20 females (52.6%); high myopia group (94 eyes), with a median age of 36.00 (23.00, 47.00) years, 40 males (42.6%) and 54 females (57.4%); and ultra?high myopia group (40 eyes), with a median age of 42.50 (27.25, 52.75) years, 17 males (42.5%) and 23 females (57.5%). Sex distribution was balanced among the four groups (χ² = 0.902, P = 0.825), while age distribution differed significantly (H = 9.911, P = 0.019). Axial length (AL) increased and spherical equivalent (SE) decreased progressively with myopia severity, with significant differences among all groups (both P < 0.001). The severity of foveal thickness (FT) also increased progressively with myopia severity (Kruskal?Wallis H = 68.057, P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that FT was positively correlated with AL (rs = 0.669, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with SE (rs = -0.628, P < 0.001). Multivariate ordinal logistic regression revealed that in the AL?containing model, AL, age, sex, lattice degeneration (LD), and myopic maculopathy (MM) were independent influencing factors for FT (all P < 0.05); in the SE?containing model, SE, age, sex, peripheral retinal pigmentary changes, LD, and MM were independent influencing factors for FT (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: FT severity is positively correlated with the degree of myopia and can serve as a simple indicator reflecting axial elongation and myopia progression. Together with peripheral retinal lesions, it has important clinical value in the risk assessment of myopic fundus lesions. UWFI should be incorporated into routine screening protocols for high-risk myopic patients.

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Clinical analysis of 112 cases of giant papillary conjunctivitis in contact lenses wearers

Rui-Bo Zhao, Jian-Jun Li

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Abstract:

AIM:To investigate giant papillary conjunctivitis patients who can not be divorced from contact lenses change to frequent replacement type contact lenses and rigid gas permeable contact lenses and observe the condition of giant papillary conjunctivitis with or without changes.And to investigate the efficacy of desensitizing agents at the same time.METHODS:Totally 112 cases(208 eyes) who were diagnosed with giant papillary conjunctivitis in our center were randomly divided into four groups:Group 1(Ⅰ group) of 68 eyes were treated with frequent replacement type contact lenses combined with mingmuqing eye drops;Group 2(Ⅱ group)of 56 eyes were treated with frequent replacement type contact lenses combined with desensitizer eye drops;Group 3(Ⅲ group) of 52 eyes were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses combined with mingmuqing eye drops;Group 4(Ⅳ group)of 32 eyes were treated with rigid gas permeable contact lenses combined with desensitizer eye drops.RESULTS:Condition of giant papillary conjunctivitis patients in all the 4 groups were significantly improved,data of 4 groups were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The giant papillary conjunctivitis caused by contact lenses wearing can get effective control and cure of the disease without affecting wearing of contact lenses if the replacement of rigid gas permeable contact lenses or frequent replacement type contact lenses can be introduced timely.
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Effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on intraocular inflammatory cytokine levels in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Jin-Xiu Luo, Zi-Zhong Hu, Qing-Huai Liu, Yuan Fang

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AIM: To explore the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)agents(Conbercept)before pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)on inflammatory cytokine levels of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).
METHODS: A total of 49 patients(49 eyes)who diagnosed with PDR at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from June 2017 to January 2018 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. A total of 25 cases(25 eyes)who did not receive intravitreal injection before PPV were included in no-intravitreal injection of Conbercept(IVC)group, and 24 cases(24 eyes)who received IVC 5～7d before PPV were included in IVC group. The vitreous samples were collected from all the patients at the start of PPV. Levels of VEGF-A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1)and inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor were measured using Luminex technology.
RESULTS: Compared with the no-IVC group, the level of VEGF-A decreased significantly(P<0.001), the concentration of IL-6(P=0.004), IL-8(P=0.002), IL-18(P=0.04)and TNF-α(P=0.03)increased remarkably in the IVC group. The other inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor showed no significant difference between the IVC and no-IVC groups.
CONCLUSION: IVC before PPV can effectively decrease the concentration of VEGF-A, but had limited influence on the level of inflammatory cytokines in the vitreous humor of patients with PDR.
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Selection of intraocular lens calculation formula for cataract surgery in glaucoma patients

He-Lin Zhu, Jian Zhang, Hong Yan

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Glaucoma and cataracts are the leading causes of blindness, and surgery is an important treatment option. Patients with glaucoma have clinical characteristics such as high intraocular pressure, shallow anterior chamber and short axial length, and the ocular structure is often altered after anti-glaucoma surgery like trabeculectomy. These changes also lead to differences in the accuracy of intraocular lens(IOL)refractive calculation between cataract surgery after anti-glaucoma surgery or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery and alone cataract surgery. Meanwhile glaucoma patients' individual clinical characteristics and structural changes caused by anti-glaucoma surgery have shown differences in the impact on the predictive accuracy of IOL diopters and the type of refractive drift. This article reviews the latest research advances in the causes of refractive error(RE), the characteristics of refractive drift, and the selection of the most appropriate IOL formula for glaucoma patients undergoing cataract surgery or cataract surgery after anti-glaucoma surgery or combined glaucoma and cataract surgery.
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Current situation and prospect of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in childhood glaucoma

Xiao-Jie Zhou, Ren-Yi Wu

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Childhood glaucoma is a kind of refractory glaucoma. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS)provides a safe and effective treatment option for childhood glaucoma. Most of the published studies tend to be with circumferential ab interno trabeculotomy, showing that its safety and effectiveness in the treatment of childhood glaucoma are comparable to non-MIGS circumferential ab externo trabeculotomy. Studies on KDB, trabectome and Xen-gel stent are relatively limited, but they may have advantages in some specific cases. While considering the advantages of each MIGs operation, it is also necessary to weigh the long-term effect of each operation method. In addition, more prospective and comparative researches, larger sample size and longer follow-up time are needed to verify the safety and effectiveness of MIGs in the treatment of childhood glaucoma.
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Clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation

Lei Guo, Xian-Jun Liang, Xi-Qiao Zhang, Yan-Xue Xu, Ying-Jie Lin

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AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation.
METHODS:The retrospective study enrolled 22 cases(26 eyes)of cataract patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation from August 2020 to August 2021. Follow-up to 3mo after surgery, the changes of far, intermediate and near visual acuity, aberration, Strehl ratio(SR)and modulation transfer function cutoff(MTF-cutoff)frequency were compared. Defocus curve at 1mo postoperatively was made, and the visual quality and satisfaction were evaluated after 3mo of surgery.
RESULTS: The visual acuity of all patients was better than 0.1(LogMAR)at the far, intermediate and near distance at 1d, 1wk, 1 and 3mo postoperatively, and it was significantly improved compared with those before surgery(all P<0.01). The defocus curve transitioned smoothly between +0.5 and -3.0D at 1mo after surgery, and visual acuity was better than 0.63. The total aberration and spherical aberration in the whole eye were significantly lower after surgery than before, and the SR and MTF-cutoff were significantly improved at 1d and 1wk after surgery(all P<0.05). With high satisfaction and good visual quality, patients could watch at far, intermediate and near distance without wearing glasses at 3mo after surgery.
CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with PanOptix trifocal intraocular lens implantation gave patients a comfortable and satisfactory full-course vision.
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Pars plana vitrectomy combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for treating macular hole retinal detachment in high myopia

Wen-Kui Zhu, Wen-Shuai Li, Pei-Shan Xu

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AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in the treatment of macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD)in high myopia.
METHODS: A retrospective clinical study was conducted. A total of 63 patients(64 eyes)with high myopia and MHRD who treated at our hospital from October 2017 to October 2021 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into two groups according to different surgery, with 34 cases(35 eyes)who received PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique in group A, and 29 cases(29 eyes)received PPV combined with internal limiting membrane peeling in group B. The patients were followed up for 6mo. The two groups were compared in terms of the hole closure rate, the reduction rate of retinal detachment and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation, and the postoperative complications were recorded.
RESULTS: The hole closure rate within 6mo after operation was significantly higher in group A than in group B(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in the reduction rate of retinal detachment(P>0.05). The BCVA of the two groups was significantly improved over time after operation(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA between the two groups before operation and at 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(P>0.05). Complications were observed in the two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: PPV combined with inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique is safe and effective in the treatment of MHRD in high myopia, which can effectively improve the patients' BCVA and the hole closure rate without influence on intraocular pressure.
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Risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Xue Zu, Guang-Zheng Dai, Tie-Zhu Lin

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Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma(NVG)after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).
METHODS: The PDR patients who received 23G PPV treatment at Shenyang He Eye Specialist Hospital from October 2015 to September 2020 and were followed up for at least 12mo with complete data were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of NVG during follow-up. The preoperative and intraoperative variables between two groups were compared. The cumulative hazard ratio for NVG was evaluated.
RESULTS: A total of 151 PDR patients(169 eyes)with a mean follow-up of 18.07±12.55(1～79)mo were included, of which 30(17.8%)eyes developed NVG, the mean time of occurrence was 6.27±4.01(1～17)mo, and 50%(15 eyes)of NVG occurred within 5mo after vitrectomy. The cumulative hazard ratios of NVG at postoperative 3, 6 and 12mo were 4.8%, 12.6% and 18.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative best corrected visual acuity(OR=3.077, 95%CI: 1.203～7.869, P=0.019), preoperative iris rubeosis(OR=7.897, 95%CI: 1.313～47.498, P=0.024), and contralateral NVG(OR=22.108, 95%CI: 1.562～312.861, P=0.022)were risk factors with the occurrence of NVG, while the number of intraoperative retinal laser photocoagulation(OR=0.772, 95%CI: 0.666～0.893, P=0.001)was the protective factor with the occurrence of NVG.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of NVG in PDR eyes after PPV was 17.8%, of which 50% occurred within 5mo after surgery. PDR eyes with poor baseline visual acuity, iris rubeosis, and contralateral NVG are prone to postoperative NVG, and sufficient intraoperative retinal laser photocoagulation has a certain protective effect. PDR eyes after PPV should be closely followed up for 1a.
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Surgery management and progress of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy associated retinal detachment

Zi-Wei Zhao, Jie Peng, Pei-Quan Zhao

Abstract: (12273) HTML (0) PDF (475.18 KKB) (2214)

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Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy(FEVR)is a hereditary disorder of retinal angiogenesis, of which the most typical clinical feature is the peripheral avascular area. The progression of the disease can lead to retinal detachment(RD), followed by secondary complications such as cataracts, glaucoma, corneal opacification, and even bulbi phthisis. As one of the main reasons for the RD in Asian children and juvenile, FEVR-associated retinal detachment(FEVR-RD)is mainly treated by surgery, including pars plana vitrectomy, scleral bucking, and combined with retinal photocoagulation or anti-vascular endothelial grouth factor(VEGF)sometimes. The surgery of FEVR-RD requires careful pre/intra-operative evaluation to determine the best surgical procedure and its outcome, including the nature of the affected eye, the stage, the fibrosis of fiber proliferation and the anterior complications, and the anatomy and prognosis of eyes in different stages vary greatly. Adult patients with rhegmatogenous RD have a higher rate of post-operative retina reattachment compared to young patients with tractional RD. In young or advanced patients, surgery is difficult and the prognosis is less optimistic, thus the surgery strategy is controversial. This article reviews the surgical outcomes and progress of FEVR-associated RD.
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Expression of CTRP9 in serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

Hai-Xia Jing, Shu Zhang, Hui-Ling Bai, Qin Liu, Xiao-Yan Zhu

Abstract: (12182) HTML (0) PDF (498.90 KKB) (2236)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the expression and correlation of C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9(CTRP9)levels in the serum of patients with different stages of diabetic retinopathy(DR)and diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS: A total of 135 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected as the experimental group. According to the results of non-mydriatic fundus photography, they were divided into non-DR(NDR)group(n=45), non-proliferative DR(NPDR)group(n=45), proliferative DR(PDR)group(n=45); according to the results of optical coherence tomography, DR patients were divided into DME group(n=51), non-DME group(n=39). In addition, other 45 healthy subjects who matched the age and sex of the experimental group were selected as normal control group. The clinical data and biochemical index test results of subjects in each group were recorded and compared, the correlation between serum CTRP9 level and other biochemical indexes was analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DR and DME were explored.RESULTS: There were significant differences in serum CTRP9 levels among subjects in normal control group, NDR group, NPDR group and PDR group(P&#x003C;0.001), and normal control group &#x003E; NDR group &#x003E; NPDR group &#x003E; PDR group. There was significant difference in serum CTRP9 level between DME group and non-DME group(P&#x003C;0.001), and non-DME group &#x003E; DME group. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CTRP9 in DR patients was negatively correlated with the course of diabetes(rs=-0.251, P&#x003C;0.05), the level of serum CTRP9 in DME patients was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose(FBG)(rs=-0.370, P&#x003C;0.05)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)(rs=-0.421, P&#x003C;0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the course of diabetes(OR=1.194, 95%CI: 1.068～1.335,P=0.002)and the level of serum CTRP9(OR=0.936, 95%CI: 0.907～0.966,P&#x003C;0.001)were risk factors for DR. The level of serum CTRP9 was a risk factor affecting the occurrence of DME(OR=0.838, 95%CI: 0.778～0.903, P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The reduction of CTRP9 level is a risk factor for the occurrence of DR and DME, which may be of great significance to the risk assessment of both DR and DME.
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Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with Toric intraocular lenses implantation in correction of high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism

Wei Fan, Guang-Bin Zhang

Abstract: (10407) HTML (0) PDF (433.14 KKB) (2215)

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AIM: To measure the indexes including postoperative distance, middle, near visual acuity and near stereopsis vision of patients with high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism by femtosecond laser, which can quantify the diameter of capsulorhexis opening, and to evaluate the availability and necessity of Toric intraocular lenses(IOL)in high myopia.
METHODS: Prospective case-control study. Patients with binocular high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism who undergone femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in our hospital were selected, and they were divided into two groups, with 20 cases(40 eyes)in group A(Toric IOL)and 20 cases(40 eyes)in group B(IQ IOL). Indexes, including preoperative corneal astigmatism and spherical equivalent and best-corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected middle visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, near stereopsis acuity, total high-order aberration and total spherical aberration, were measured postoperatively at 7d, 1 and 3mo.
RESULTS: The uncorrected middle and near visual acuity, Titmus near stereopsis acuity and residual astigmatism at 7d, 1 and 3mo after surgery were significantly improved in the Toric IOL group than the non-Toric group(all P<0.05). The dependence on glasses was reduced. The postoperative best-corrected distance visual acuity, total high-order aberration and total spherical aberration of the two groups showed no statistically significant differences(all P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of Toric IOL in patients with high myopia cataract and corneal astigmatism can effectively correct corneal astigmatism, improve postoperative uncorrected middle and near visual acuity and near stereopsis visual function, reduce postoperative dependence on glasses and enhance binocular stereopsis visual function.
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Application value of new assistive technology in keratopathy-associated cataract surgery

Zhen-Bo Zhao, Li-Wei Ma, Kai-Li Tang, Yu-Xi Ding, Dong Han, Jing Wang

Abstract: (10376) HTML (0) PDF (493.57 KKB) (2401)

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Keratopathy-associated cataract, that is, on the basis of corneal disease, and later the development of lens opacity, seriously damage visual quality. In order to avoid corneal transplantation for some patients, partial visual quality can be restored. A comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the effect of corneal opacity on visual function is of great improtance for determining cataract surgery alone. Due to the opacity of the cornea, the operation is very difficult and challenging. Therefore, it is of clinical value to develop and use new assistive technologies, including capsule staining, endoillumination, pupil dialation technology, femtosecond laser assisted technology, etc., avoiding problems such as limited visibility and decreased light flow caused by corneal opacity and facilitating cataract surgery. This article reviews progress of assistive technologies for keratopathy-associated cataract, hoping to guide clinical application.
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Applicability comparison between Chinese dry eye questionnaire and ocular surface disease index questionnaire among college students

Ruo-Jun Geng, Jing-Jing Wei, Kai-Li Yang, Shao-Pei Wang, Sheng-Wei Ren

Abstract: (9800) HTML (0) PDF (1.17 MKB) (2559)

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AIM: To evaluate the applicability of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in college students using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire as a reference.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 711 college students from Nanyang Medical College were enrolled in the study and assessed for dry eye condition using OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The response rate of each question in the two questionnaires was counted. Cronbach α was calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of both questionnaires. Correlation between the total scores of the two questionnaires was analyzed to evaluate the criterion validity. Based on OSDI scores, the discriminant validity of Chinese dry eye questionnaire was evaluated; receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves was plotted for Chinese dry eye questionnaire scores, area under the ROC curve(AUC)was calculated, and diagnostic thresholds and corresponding sensitivity and specificity were also analyzed.
RESULT: The response rates of the 12 questions on the OSDI questionnaire were 33.2%-100.0%, while it was 100.0% for each question on the Chinese dry eye questionnaire. The Cronbach α values of OSDI questionnaire and Chinese dry eye questionnaire were 0.905 and 0.789, respectively. The Chinese dry eye questionnaire score was positively correlated with the OSDI score(r_s=0.712, P<0.001). According to OSDI questionnaire scores, dry eye severity was divided into normal group, mild dry eye group, moderate dry eye group and severe dry eye group. The scores of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in these groups were 4.00(2.00, 6.00), 9.00(7.00, 11.00), 12.00(9.00, 14.00)and 16.00(13.50, 22.00), respectively, which increased with the severity of dry eye, and the overall difference was statistically significant(P<0.001), as well as pairwise comparison between groups(P<0.05). The AUCs of Chinese dry eye questionnaire in distinguishing normal population from dry eye population, mild dry eye from moderate dry eye, moderate dry eye from severe dry eye were 0.862, 0.661 and 0.769, respectively, and the diagnostic thresholds were 6.5, 11.5 and 14.5, respectively.
CONCLUSION:Chinese dry eye questionnaire has an equivalent reliability, validity, discriminant ability and better response rate for dry eye screening and epidemiological survey among college students in China compared with OSDI questionnaire.
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Recent advances in treatment of retinitis pigmentosa

Ming Ai, Ming Sun, Dai Li

Abstract: (9582) HTML (0) PDF (412.02 KKB) (2693)

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Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by the progressive photoreceptor and pigment epithelial cells dysfunction.It is the common cause of blindness in the whole worldwide.Until now it is not clear about its exact pathogenesis and etiology,so effective treatments are still little.This paper looks back on lots of the recent domestic and abroad related documents,eapecially abroad,and then reviews research advances in treatment of RP.
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Research progress on optical coherence tomography imaging indicators of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion

Mei Sun, Xiao-Feng Hao, Li-Ke Xie, Qi Jin

Abstract: (9567) HTML (0) PDF (470.25 KKB) (2305)

Abstract:

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common cause of visual loss classified under retinal vascular disorders after diabetic retinopathy, and its complication, macular edema(ME), is the leading cause of vision loss. Currently, the first-line treatment for RVO-ME is the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, which can improve retinal morphology and patients' vision. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)can clearly image retinal structures, and some specific imaging features found by OCT have become biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of RVO patients. The recent findings of biomarkers are reviewed, such as central retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, disorganization of retinal inner layers, hyperreflective foci, integrity of external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone, central macular volume, prominent middle limiting membrane, paracentral acute middle maculopathy, highly reflective line, to provide references for selecting the best treatment for RVO.
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Evaluation of macular microvasculature alterations in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

Feng-Tao Ji, Hui Wang, Ke Wei, Yong-Rong Li, Wei Dai, Zhi-Min Wang, Rong-Feng Liao

Abstract: (9339) HTML (0) PDF (936.23 KKB) (2520)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)for proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients(35 eyes)who were diagnosed as monocular PDR and received 23GPPV in ophthalmology department of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei between September 2020 and July 2022. All eyes underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography(SS-OCTA)examination. Retinal and choroidal vascular parameters within 3mm×3mm of macular zone were measured by built-in analyzer, and its correlation with postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was analyzed.
RESULTS: The follow-up was 1～22(average 9.72±6.67)mo. At the last follow-up, flow area(FA)of intermediate capillary plexus(ICP)layer in paranasal foveal region was significantly reduced in PPV eyes(0.31±0.06mm²)compared with contralateral eyes(0.38±0.05mm²), and FA of deep capillary plexus(DCP)in temporal foveal region was significantly lower in PPV eyes(0.19±0.08mm²)than contralateral eyes(0.27±0.07mm²; all P<0.05). Choroidal vascularity index(CVI)were lower in PPV eyes than contralateral eyes in parafoveal subregions except temporal region(P<0.05). After PPV, BCVA had a certain correlation with the density and FA of middle and deep retinal vessels.
CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with severe PDR may be prone to having a decrease in the DCP and parafoveal choroidal perfusion in the parafoveal regions after PPV than contralateral eyes.
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Diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye after corneal refractive surgery

Mei-Mei Zhang, Shen Wang, Jing Zhang, Chen Li, Shan-Shan Ge, Jia Yu, Yue-Hua Zhou

Abstract: (9214) HTML (0) PDF (1.47 MKB) (2711)

Abstract:

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of the diquafosol sodium combined with intense pulsed light(IPL)on meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)dry eye after refractive surgery.
METHODS:A total of 64 patients(128 eyes)with MGD dry eye diagnosed within 6mo after laser corneal refractive surgery in our hospital from March 2021 to December 2021 were selected. They were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. A total of 33 patients(66 eyes)in the control group were treated with sodium hyaluronate combined with IPL, and 31 patients(62 eyes)in the experimental group were treated with diquafosol sodium combined with IPL. Ocular symptom scores were performed before each IPL treatment in both groups to examine non-invasive tear breakup time(NIBUT), tear meniscus height, lipid layer grade of tear film, meibomian gland deletion rate and uncorrected visual acuity.
RESULTS:After IPL treatment, ocular symptom scores and meibomian gland deletion rate score of two groups were decreased continuously. NIBUT, tear meniscus height and lipid layer grade of tear film were increased continuously, and there was no significant change in uncorrected visual acuity. NIBUT of patients in the experimental group was better than that in the control group before the third IPL treatment(6.24±0.27s vs. 5.51±0.24s, P=0.046).
CONCLUSIONS:Both diquafosol sodium and sodium hyaluronate combined with IPL showed good therapeutic effect on MGD dry eye, but there was no significant difference in the short-term efficacy between the two groups.
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Research advances in contact lens associated bacterial keratitis

Yu-Lin Yan, Yan-Ning Yang, Shan-Shan Wan

Abstract: (9187) HTML (0) PDF (512.03 KKB) (2450)

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Contact lens(CL)is currently one of the most common methods of vision correction, with more than 140 million users worldwide and the demand is rising yearly as constantly development of materials and features. Wearing CL can lead to a variety of complications such as dry eye, corneal abrasions, giant papillary conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis is one of the most severe complications. According to research, bacteria account for 80%～95% of the pathogens that cause CL-associated infective keratitis, it may have been related to the bacterial composition, virulence mechanism, biofilm formation and the combined effect of the lens itself and the process of use, which is prone to introducing pathogens, reducing antimicrobial capacity of the cornea and tears and causing ocular surface hypoxia and ocular surface inflammation. Overnight and prolonged lens wear, irregular lens purchase, use and care procedures can also be risk factors for bacterial infections. This article reviews the studies on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CL-related bacterial keratitis.
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Suture guided gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma

Shan Zhong, Hui Yang, Shi He, Wen-Jing He

Abstract: (9069) HTML (0) PDF (467.79 KKB) (2356)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of suture-guided gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy(GATT)combined with phacoemulsification in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).
METHODS: A total of 84 patients(84 eyes)with POAG and cataract who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. There were 43 cases(43 eyes)in the combined group who underwent suture-guided GATT combined with phacoemulsification, and 41 cases(41 eyes)in the simple group who underwent suture-guided GATT. The two groups were followed up for 3mo to compare the surgical success rate, intraocular pressure, topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs, visual acuity and postoperative complications.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in overall success rate between the combination and simple groups at 3 mo after surgery(88% vs. 85%, P>0.05). The intraocular pressure levels and topical intraocular pressure-lowering drugs at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery in the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups(all P>0.05). The visual acuity at 1wk, 1 and 3mo after surgery of patients in the combined group was significantly better than that in the simple group(P<0.01). During the follow-up period, the incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and transient hypertension in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the simple group(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Both suture-guided GATT combined with cataract phacoemulsification and suture-guided GATT are effective treatment for POAG, however, suture-guided GATT combined with phacoemulsification has a lower incidence of anterior chamber hemorrhage and transient ocular hypertension.
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Relationship among fasting plasma glacose coefficient of variation and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Shu-Ying Fu, Yan-Min Dong

Abstract: (9005) HTML (0) PDF (1.78 MKB) (2296)

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the relationship among the fasting plasma glucose coefficient of variation(FPG-CV)and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR).
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 82 cases(82 eyes)with NPDR admitted to our hospital from February 2018 to June 2022 was the research object, and another 82 cases(82 eyes)of non-diabetic retinopathy(NDR)patients during the same period were selected as the control group, and the clinical data of the two groups of patients were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the incidence of NPDR, and the back propagation(BP)neural network model was established and evaluated. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation among FPG-CV and macular morphology and microcirculation in patients.
RESULTS: The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the disease duration ≥7.2a, glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)≥7.7%, triglyceride(TG)≥1.9 mmol/L, microalbuminuria(MALB)≥24.5 mg/L, FPG-CV ≥9.8%, superficial capillary plexus-vessel density(SCP-VD)<27.6%, deep capillary plexus-vessel density(DCP-VD)<47.7%, foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area ≥0.38 mm², central retinal thickness(CRT)≥197.7 μm and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)<227.7 μm were risk factors for NPDR(P<0.05). The number of hidden layer nodes is 5, and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve, calibration curve and clinical decision curve show that the prediction model has good discrimination, accuracy and validity. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that FPG-CV was negatively correlated with SCP-VD, DCP-VD and SFCT(P<0.05); FPG-CV was positively correlated with FAZ area and CRT(P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The course of disease, HbA1c, TG, MALB, FPG-CV, SCP-VD, DCP-VD, FAZ area, CRT and SFCT are all related to the pathogenesis of NPDR. With the increase of FPG-CV, the indexes of macular morphology and microcirculation changed. FPG-CV was negatively correlated with SCP-VD, DCP-VD and SFCT and positively correlated with FAZ area and CRT.
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Research progress on corneal nerves and substance P in viral keratitis

Yi Mu, Hong Zhang

Abstract: (8928) HTML (0) PDF (490.87 KKB) (2246)

Abstract:

Diseases like viral keratitis can harm corneal nerves, which are necessary for maintaining the health and functionality of the cornea. Recent research has shown that corneal nerve pathology affects the infected eye as well as the contralateral one, and that aberrant changes in sympathetic nerves can be seen, with the exception of sensory nerves that correspond to corneal sensation. However, apart from in vivo confocal microscopy and corneal sensation, there have been no additional prognostic indicators that allow clinicians to assess the severity of corneal nerve damage. While multiple functions of corneal nerves are mediated by neuropeptides, substance P, the first topical neuropeptide used in ocular clinical practice, was proved to regulate the process of viral infections, and it is involved in bilateral corneal pathologies through pro-inflammatory and neurotrophic functions in viral keratitis, so it may be used as a diagnostic biomarker or a therapeutic target. Therefore, this review summarized the changes and roles of corneal nerves as well as substance P in viral keratitis, which may serve as a reference for further study into associated mechanisms and clinical applications.
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