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<title cf:type="text"><![CDATA[International Journal of Ophthalmology Press -->Review]]></title>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Optical coherence tomography for assessment of
diabetic macular edema]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200804019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive objective diagnostic technique that has become a powerful method for the clinical assessment of diabetic macular edema. It is a very useful imaging technique to diagnose and follow-up diabetic macular edema (DME). The present paper aims to present an overview of the principles, progress, and uses of OCT in the diagnosis and management of DME.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Wei Zhang,Kaori Yamamoto and Sadao Hori]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Wei Zhang,Kaori Yamamoto and Sadao Hori</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200804019]]></guid><cfi:id>108</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Pharｍacologicaltherapy in age-related ｍacular degeneration]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200803016]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[to rePort a rare caseof  antiPhosPholiPid syndrome Presenting as PaPilledema and sixth nerve Palsy in right eye dueto suPerior sagittal sinusthrombosis, and regressionof PaPilledema  following anticoagulation and acetazolamidetheraPy. 
·METHODS: A 44-year-old Chinese gentleman Presented with headache, diPloPia and mild blurringof vision. Clinical examination revealedthe Presenceof sixth nerve Palsy in right eye and PaPilledema.there was enlargementof blind sPot inthe visual fields and red green deficiency in both eyes. ComPutedtomograPhy and magnetic resonance imaging showed suPerior sagittal sinusthrombosis. Hematological investigation confirmedthe Presenceof antiPhosPholiPid syndrome asthe underlying cause.
·RESULTS:the condition wastreated successfully inthree months withthe adjunctive useof anticoagulation and acetazolamide.  Reversalof PaPilledema changes intheoPtic discto normal indicatesthe anatomical recovery, while reductionof enlargementof blind sPotto normal size, recoveryof red green deficienyto normal colour vision in both eyes and visual imProvement after regressionof PaPilledema in right eye indicate functional recovery inthis Patient.  
·CONCLUSION: AntiPhosPholiPid syndrome should be consi- dered inthe differential diagnosisof PaPilledema, andoral acetazolamide is an imPortant adjuncttheraPyto anti- coagulation in casesof refractory PaPilledemato ProtecttheoPtic nerve from Potential damage which results in blindness.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Yan-Hong Zou and George C Y Chiou]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Yan-Hong Zou and George C Y Chiou</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200803016]]></guid><cfi:id>107</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Epiretinal prosthesis forouter retinal degenerative diseases]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200803017]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) are commonouter retinal degenerative Problems, and alsothe Predominant causesof most blinding retinal diseases. Retinal Prosthesis is a Promising solution for such PhotorecePtor degeneration diseases. Mostof current concePts for a retinal Prosthesis are basedon neuronal electrical stimulation. Inthe Pasttwenty years, retinal Prosthesis has been develoPed intwo different directions: ePiretinal Prosthesis and subretinal Prosthesis. Each Prosthesistechnique has its advantages and disadvantages. For ePiretinal Prosthesis, it is easierto be imPlanted and hasthe advantageof keePing mostofthe electronics inthe vitreous cavityoffthe retinal surface, which greatly helPs in dissiPatingthe heat generated bythe imPlant device. Inthis PaPer, a briefoverviewof retinal Prostheses concePts is introduced. Afterthat, several imPortant asPectsof ePiretinal electrical stimulation will be discussed. Moreover, some Practical ePiretinal Prosthesis devices develoPed by researchers in United States, Germany and JaPan inthe Past have been reviewed. We hoPethatthe devices will be used widely inthe near future.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Cheng Rao,Xiang-Hui Yuan,Si-Jie Zhang,Qiu-Lin Wang and You-Shu Huang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Cheng Rao,Xiang-Hui Yuan,Si-Jie Zhang,Qiu-Lin Wang and You-Shu Huang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200803017]]></guid><cfi:id>106</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Advances in researches on the optic nerve protection]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200801020]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The mechanisms of regeneration and protection of optic
nerve, the represent of central nerves, are researched more
and more profoundly and extensively in recent years. The
retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) protection after injury is stopping
or preventing it from apoptosis mainly. The methods include
glutamic acid inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor,
neurotrophic factor, gene therapy, acupuncture, traditional
Chinese medicine and so on. However, there are no
medicines or operations that play definite curative role in the
RGCs protection after injury up to now. So the ganglion cells
protection is at its exploratory research stage, which will
shoulder heavy responsibilities]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xiao-Rui Fan and He Sun]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xiao-Rui Fan and He Sun</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200801020]]></guid><cfi:id>105</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Recent advances on the modified endostatin and
ocular neovascularization]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200904022]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Endostatin (ES), the C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. At present, there are a large number of research papers on ES. It has already been on clinical stage Ⅱ and been widely used in inhibition of neovascularization (NV). However, how to improve the bioactivity of ES is still a matter of ongoing discussion. The objective of this review is to elucidate the relationship between the modified ES and ocular neovascualrization, and to discuss the superiority based on the structure modification. The structure can be changed either by covalent modification or by genetic mutation. It is proposed that the secondary structral ES enhance the anti-angiogenic activity. Studies on modified ES also shed light on our understanding of the molecular action mechanisms of ES. Modified ES may be exploited as a new angiogenesis inhibitor for therapeutic applications, in substitution of the native ES.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hua Li,Ping Liu and Hong-Yan Ge]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hua Li,Ping Liu and Hong-Yan Ge</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200904022]]></guid><cfi:id>104</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Advances in the studies on cytokine and chemokine
gene polymorphisms associated with uveitis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200903021]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Uveitis is an inflammation of any or all parts of the uveal tract including the iris, ciliary body and the choroid. Despite current advances in diagnosis and management, visual loss occurs in 35%-45% of patients with uveitis. The etiopatho- genesis of uveitis remains unknown; it may be associated with environmental and immunogenetic factors. Many studies have demonstrated polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, which may determine involvement in uveitis. Recently polymorphisms in non-MHC genes, including cytokine and chemokine genes, have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis of uveitis. We reviewed the advances in the studies on cytokine and chemokine gene polymorphisms associated with uveitis.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Cheng-Hong Lan and Ming-Zhi Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Cheng-Hong Lan and Ming-Zhi Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200903021]]></guid><cfi:id>103</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation: an overview and
Asian perspective]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200902018]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Surgical treatment of glaucoma has been classified as cyclodestructive (reducing inflow) or filtering (increasing outflow). Cyclodestructive procedures have traditionally been reserved for eyes with poor visual prognoses and refractory glaucomas including post-trauma, aphakia, congenital and developmental glaucoma. Since Uram described the first use of endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in 1992, short and long-term outcomes for ECP have been promising. In the present article, we conduct a Pubmed search and review of published English literature on endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and comparison with limited results in a single Singapore ophthalmic tertiary hospital. Safety and efficacy of ECP and combined phacoemulsification-ECP procedures in treatment of pediatric and adult glaucomas of various etiologies and severities is reported. Local short-term unpublished results from a single Singapore tertiary ophthalmic service is reported and concurs with previously published results.Published reports and current experience with ECP has demonstrated that ECP with direct visualization of the target tissues avoids the complications associated with blind trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation by applying optimum energy to target tissue ciliary epithelium with endoscopic visualization and infrared laser wavelength application. Significant financial barriers exist to introducing this service. It is safe and effective in controlling IOP and reducing reliance on anti- glaucoma medications. Widespread acceptance and use of this technique awaits large-scale randomized controlled studies.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[E- Shawn Goh,Boon Ang Lim and Leonard Yip]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>E- Shawn Goh,Boon Ang Lim and Leonard Yip</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200902018]]></guid><cfi:id>102</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Idiopathic intracranial hypertension and eye complications]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200902019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is the syndrome of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) without clinical, laboratory or radiological evidence of intracranial pathology. IIH is a relatively rare disease but rapidly increasing incidence is reported due to a global increasing incidence of obesity. Disease course is generally said to be self-limiting within a few months. However, some patients experience a disabling condition of chronic severe headache and visual disturbances for years that limit their capacity to work. Permanent visual defects are serious and not infrequent complications. The pathophysiology of IIH is not fully understood yet. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have facilitated the exclusion of associated conditions that may mimic IIH. No causal treatment is yet known for IIH, and existing treatment is symptomatic and rarely sufficient. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of this potentially disabling disease. Theories of pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies are discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[De-Lu Song and Yong Zhong]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>De-Lu Song and Yong Zhong</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200902019]]></guid><cfi:id>101</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Current management of submacular hemorrhage in
age-related macular degeneration]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200901019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Submacular Hemorrhage (SMH) in age-related macular degeneration
(AMD) represents a challenging disorder for vision
protection. Varied surgical interventions have been suggested
in its management. The author herein reviewed some aspects
related to SMH in AMD such as its risk factors, secondary
damages, natural course and surgical management including
different techniques, outcomes and complications.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Wu Liu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Wu Liu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200901019]]></guid><cfi:id>100</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200901020]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Pterygium is a common disorder of ocular surface with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The epidemiological studies around the world have shown that the prevalence rates range from 0.3% to 37.46%. Pterygium is related to geographic setting, sunlight and ultraviolet exposure, age, gender, economic situation, dry eye syndrome and others. The purpose of this review is to present a summary of the more recent literature about the epidemiological study, paying particular attention to prevalence and risk factors of pterygium.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Peng Lü and Xiao-Ming Chen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Peng Lü and Xiao-Ming Chen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/200901020]]></guid><cfi:id>99</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Advancement of congenital cataract in the responsible gene]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201003023]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Congenital cataract is the leading cause for children's blindness in most countries. Approximately one third of all the causes of Congenital cataract are familial and autosomal dominant blindness infants. The etiology of congen ital cataract is heterogenous. With the development of molecular biology techniques, researches on the mechanism of congenital cataract have made great progress. This review focused on the molecular mechanism of congenital  cataract.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Li Peng and Qing Xie]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Li Peng and Qing Xie</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201003023]]></guid><cfi:id>98</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Cod liver oil: a potential protective supplement for human glaucoma]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106015]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[ Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness. Improved knowledge of the pathogenesis of this disease has allowed the exploration of new therapeutic methods. In general, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), oxidative stress, and vascular insufficiency are accepted as the major risk factors for the progression of glaucoma. Many natural compounds have been found beneficial for glaucoma. Nutritional therapies are now emerging as potentially effective in glaucomatous therapy. One nutritional supplement with potential therapeutic value is cod liver oil, a dietary supplement that contains vitamin A and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Vitamin A is important for preserving normal vision and it is a well-known antioxidant that prevents the oxidative damage that contributes to the etiology and progression of glaucoma. Vitamin A is also a crucial factor for maintaining the integrity of conjunctival and corneal ocular surfaces, and preventing the impairment of ocular epithelium caused by topical antiglaucomatous drugs. Omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for glaucoma patients as they decrease IOP, increase ocular blood flow, and improve optic neuroprotective function. In this article, we propose that cod liver oil, as a combination of vitamin A and omega-3 fatty acids, should be beneficial for the treatment of glaucoma. However, further studies are needed to explore the relationship between cod liver oil and glaucoma.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Wen-Bin Huang,Qian Fan and Xiu-Lan Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Wen-Bin Huang,Qian Fan and Xiu-Lan Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106015]]></guid><cfi:id>97</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Rho/ROCK pathway and neural regeneration: a potential therapeutic target for central nervous system and optic nerve damage]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106016]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[ Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase and one of the major downstream effectors of the small GTPase RhoA. The Rho/ROCK pathway is closely related to the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and involved in many aspects of neuronal functions including neurite outgrowth and retraction. In the adult CNS, the damaged neuron regeneration is very difficult due to the presence of myelin-associated axon growth inhibitors such as Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (Omgp), etc. The effects of these axon growth inhibitors are reversed by blocking the Rho/ROCK pathway in vitro, and the inhibition of Rho/ROCK pathway can promote axon regeneration and functional recovery in the injured CNS in vivo. In addition, the therapeutic effects of the Rho/ROCK inhibitors have also been demonstrated in some animal models and the Rho/ROCK pathway becomes an attractive target for the development of drugs for treating CNS disorders. In this review, we summarized on the effect of the Rho and the downstream factor ROCK in neural regeneration, and the potential therapeutic effect of Rho/ROCK inhibitors in the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells was also discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hai-Bo Tan,Yi-Sheng Zhong,Yu Cheng and Xi Shen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hai-Bo Tan,Yi-Sheng Zhong,Yu Cheng and Xi Shen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106016]]></guid><cfi:id>96</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Epidemiology, genetics and treatments for myopia]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106017]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[ Myopia is a significant public health problem and its prevalence is increasing over time and genetic factors in disease development are important. The prevalence and incidence of myopia within sampled population often varies with age, country, sex, race, ethnicity, occupation, environment, and other factors. Myopia growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Myopia-related genes include about 70 genetic loci to which primary myopias have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. Of these, several are associated with additional abnormalities, mostly as part of developmental syndromes. These tend to result from mutations in genes encoding transcriptional activators, and most of these have been identified by sequencing candidate genes in patients with developmental anomalies. Currently, COL1A1(collagen alpha-1 chain of type I), COL2A1 (collagen alpha-1 chain of type II), ACTC1 (actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1), PAX6 (paired box gene 6) and NIPBL (nipped-B homolog), and so on have been mapped. Myopia is most commonly treated with spectacles or glasses. The most common surgical procedure performed to correct myopia is laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). This review of the recent advances on epidemiology, genetic locations and treatments of myopia are summarized.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Lei Yu,Zhi-Kui Li,Jin-Rong Gao,Jian-Rong Liu and Chang-Tai Xu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Lei Yu,Zhi-Kui Li,Jin-Rong Gao,Jian-Rong Liu and Chang-Tai Xu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106017]]></guid><cfi:id>95</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Epidemic studies of diabetic retinopathy in China—a review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106018]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[ The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is increasing dramatically as the population of patients with diabetes continues to rise. This paper wants to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of DR in China through reviewing the research from Pubmed about population-based epidemic studies. The results of observational studies suggested that the overall prevalence of DR was 1.6%-6.5% in population, 19.9%-43.1% in diabetes and 13.6% in population without diabetes, most of the DR were the mild type, macular edema and vision-threatening were 5.2% and 1.2%. The risk factors for DR were longer duration of diabetes, plasma glucose concentration, concentrations of HbA1c level, higher systolic blood pressure(BP), higher diastolic BP, male gender, rural region, and methods of diabetic treatment and so on. The prevalence of DR which was strongly related to duration of diabetes was higher with the increase of diabetes. DR would be the major leading cause of visual impairment in China, it is very important to prevent DR by early screening and any other methods. ]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Lei Liu,Li-Min Liu,Yue-Dong Hu,Kang Chen,Hao Feng,Yi-Zhou Sun and Lei Chen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Lei Liu,Li-Min Liu,Yue-Dong Hu,Kang Chen,Hao Feng,Yi-Zhou Sun and Lei Chen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201106018]]></guid><cfi:id>94</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand and its receptors in ocular tumors]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201105018]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[ Most of the ocular tumors have poor prognosis, and they remain a difficult problem in the area of ophthalmology. With the rapid development of molecular biology and immunologic techniques and the deep research on ocular tumor related genes, it becomes possible to diagnose and treat malignant tumors from the molecular level. The tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family, is a promising candidate, either alone or in combination with established cancer therapies, since it can initiate apoptosis through the activation of their death receptors. The ability of TRAIL to selectively induce apoptosis of transformed, virus-infected or tumor cells but not normal cells promotes the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapy. Here, we will review TRAIL and its receptors' structure, function, mechanism of action and application in ocular tumors therapy.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Qian Ning,Lei Hou,Min Meng,Bo-Rong Pan and Xin-Han Zhao]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Qian Ning,Lei Hou,Min Meng,Bo-Rong Pan and Xin-Han Zhao</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201105018]]></guid><cfi:id>93</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Malingering or simulation in ophthalmology-visual acuity ]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201105019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Simulation can be defined as malingering, or sometimes functional visual loss (FVL). It manifests as either simulating an ophthalmic disease (positive simulation), or denial of ophthalmic disease (negative simulation). Conscious behavior and compensation or indemnity claims are prominent features of simulation. Since some authors suggest that this is a manifestation of underlying psychopathology, even conversion is  included in this context.  In today's world, every ophthalmologist can face with simulation of ophthalmic disease or disorder.  In case of simulation suspect,  the physician's responsibility is to prove the simulation considering  the disease/disorder first, and simulation as an exclusion. In simulation examinations, the physician should be firm and smart to select appropriate test(s) to convince not only the subject, but also the judge in case of indemnity or compensation trials.  Almost all ophthalmic sensory and motor functions including visual acuity, visual field, color vision and night vision can be the subject of simulation. Examiner must be skillful in selecting the most appropriate test. Apart from those in the literature, we included all kinds of simulation in ophthalmology. In addition, simulation examination techniques, such as, use of OCT (optical coherence tomography), frequency doubling perimetry (FDP), and modified polarization tests were also included. In this review, we made a thorough literature search, and added our experiences to give the readers up-to-date information on malingering or simulation in ophthalmology.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ali Ihsan Incesu and Güng?r Sobac?]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ali Ihsan Incesu and Güng?r Sobac?</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201105019]]></guid><cfi:id>92</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Mesenchymal stem cells for retinal diseases]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201104019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinal diseases are featured with the common result of retinal cell apoptosis that will cause irreversible vision loss. Various attempts have been made for the solution against cell death. However, few approaches turn out to be effective. With the progress in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) research, MSCs were considered as a promising source for cell replacement or neuroprotection in retinal disorders. MSCs have the property of self-renewal and are multipotent cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues, which were demonstrated being capable of differentiating into multilineage tissue cells. Some works were also done to differentiate MSCs into retinal cells. MSCs could be induced to express retinal cell markers under certain stimuli. Recent studies also suggest that MSCs should be an ideal source for neuroprotection via the secretion of a variety of neurotrophins. Engineered MSCs were also used as vehicles for continuous delivery of neurotrophins against retinal degeneration with encouraging results. Since there are still barriers on the differentiation of MSCs into functional retinal cells, the use of MSCs for neuroprotection in retinal diseases seems to be a more practicable approach and worthy of further investigations.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Wei Xu and Guo-Xing Xu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Wei Xu and Guo-Xing Xu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201104019]]></guid><cfi:id>91</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Epidemiology and molecular genetics of congenital cataracts]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201104020]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[· Congenital cataract is a crystallin severe blinding disease and genetic factors in disease development are important. Crystallin growth is under a combination of genes and their products in time and space to complete the coordination role of the guidance. Congenital cataract-related genes, included crystallin protein gene (CRYAA, CRYAB, CRYBA1/A3, CRYBA4, CRYBB1, CRYBB2, CRYBB3, CRYGC, CRYGD, CRYGS), gap junction channel protein gene (GJA1, GJA3, GJA8), membrane protein gene (GJA3, GJA8, MIP, LIM2), cytoskeletal protein gene (BF-SP2), transcription factor genes (HSF4, MAF, PITX3, PAX6), ferritin light chain gene (FTL), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and so on. Currently, there are about 39 genetic loci isolated to which primary cataracts have been mapped, although the number is constantly increasing and depends to some extent on definition. We summarized the recent advances on epidemiology and genetic locations of congenital cataract in this review.
]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jun Yi,Jun Yun,Zhi-Kui Li,Chang-Tai Xu and Bo-Rong Pan]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jun Yi,Jun Yun,Zhi-Kui Li,Chang-Tai Xu and Bo-Rong Pan</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201104020]]></guid><cfi:id>90</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Potential role of retina as a biomarker for progression of Parkinson’s disease]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201104021]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Optical coherence tomography (OCT) noninvasively quantifies the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). OCT has been studied in several neuro-ophthalmic conditions, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recent studies suggest that the quantitative analysis of RNFL can be precisely and noninvasively done by OCT scans and the results suggest that the thickness of RNFL is significantly decreased in patients with PD compared with age-matched controls and the foveal retinal thickness correlates with disease severity in PD. In this article, the application of OCT imaging of the retina in PD was reviewed. Literature survey of PubMed was carried out using the search terms of “Optical Coherence Tomography” combined with “Parkinson’s Disease” and “retinal nerve fiber layer” (without restriction to the year of publication). Some related articles were also included. The search was completed in Jul. 2011 and revised and updated as necessary. The aim of this article is to review the current literatures on the use of optical coherence tomography in patients affected by PD and to enhance its use in clinical practice in neuro-ophthalmology. ]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Tian Tian,Xiao-Hua Zhu and Yun-Hai Liu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Tian Tian,Xiao-Hua Zhu and Yun-Hai Liu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201104021]]></guid><cfi:id>89</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Epidemiology and Rb1 gene of retinoblastoma]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201101024]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common eye cancer in children and it can be inherited. Rb is quite rare and originators from the neural retina with a significant genetic component in etiology, which occurs in approximately 1 in every 20 0000 births. In children with the heritable genetic form of Rb, there is a mutation on chromosome 13, called the retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) gene. Early diagnosis and intervention is critical to the successful treatment of the Rb. The Rb1 gene is the first cloned tumor suppressor gene. As a negative regulator of the cell cycle, Rb1 gene could maintain a balance between cell growth and development through binding to transcription factors and regulating the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, it is involved in cell cycle, cell senescence, growth arrest, apoptosis and differentiation. We summarized the recent advances on the epidemiology and Rb1 gene of Rb in this review. ]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jun Yun,Yang Li,Chang-Tai Xu and Bo-Rong Pan]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jun Yun,Yang Li,Chang-Tai Xu and Bo-Rong Pan</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201101024]]></guid><cfi:id>88</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Selective laser trabeculoplasty]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206017]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The introduction of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) provided a new choice for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). SLT was demonstrated equally as effective as topical medical therapy and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to lower IOP. It is a potentially repeatable procedure because of the lack of coagulation damage to the trabecular meshwork (TM) and also effect in patients with previously failed ALT. SLT can be used to treat patients with OAG, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, OHT, juvenile glaucoma, pseudophakic and aphakic glaucoma. Furthermore, SLT can be considered as a primary treatment option in patients who cannot tolerate or are noncompliant with medications, while not interfering with the success of future surgery. Its safety profiles include mild and transient inflammation, ocular pain and a small risk of moderate IOP elevations after the procedure. SLT is a safe and effective means of IOP reduction in eyes with OAG and OHT.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jing-Ming Shi and Song-Bai Jia]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jing-Ming Shi and Song-Bai Jia</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206017]]></guid><cfi:id>87</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[High myopia as a risk factor in primary open angle glaucoma]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206018]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the adult population worldwide, is a progressive optic neuropathy. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most commonly reported type of glaucoma in population based prevalence studies worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure is a well-known major risk factor for POAG. In addition, there is growing evidence that other risk factors like age, gender, race, refractive error, heredity and systemic factors may play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. Many studies found that high myopia has been associated with POAG, however, direct and convincing evidences are still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidences implicating high myopia as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of POAG.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Sheng-Ju Chen,Peng Lu,Wen-Fang Zhang and Jian-Hua Lu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Sheng-Ju Chen,Peng Lu,Wen-Fang Zhang and Jian-Hua Lu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206018]]></guid><cfi:id>86</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Diagnosis and treatment of myopic traction maculopathy]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[In recent years, the broad application of optical coherence tomography and vitrectomy, combined with research efforts in maculopathy in high myopia have provided many achievements, such as the new classification of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM). Here, we review the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of MTM, including its conception, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical stages, and the options for surgical treatment.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ping-Bo Ouyang,Xuan-Chu Duan and Xiao-Hua Zhu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ping-Bo Ouyang,Xuan-Chu Duan and Xiao-Hua Zhu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206019]]></guid><cfi:id>85</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Therapeutic potential of intravitreal pharmacotherapy in retinal vein occlusion]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206020]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the most common visually disabling disease affecting the retina after diabetic retinopathy. Although the disease entity has long been known, its management is still controversial. Macular edema is the main reason for decreased visual acuity (VA) in this retinal vascular disorder. Recently the vitreous cavity has increasingly been used as a reservoir of drugs for the direct treatment of macular edema through intravitreal injection route. The most widely injected drugs so far have been triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and bevacizumab. The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence and discuss the rationale behind the recent suggestions that intravitreal pharmacotherapy by corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factors may be useful in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Marianne L. Shahsuvaryan]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Marianne L. Shahsuvaryan</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201206020]]></guid><cfi:id>84</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Tissue factor with age-related macular degeneration]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/ijo-5-609]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Wet age-related macular degeneration which incidence increase<b>s</b> year by year is a blinding eye disease, but current clinical methods of treatment on this disease arelimited and the outcome is not ideal. Recent studies have found abnormally high expression of tissue factors which are targets for the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration to achieve a certain effect in the choroidal neovascularization. Related literatures are reviewed as following.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Guan-Feng Wang and Xiu-Lan Zou]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Guan-Feng Wang and Xiu-Lan Zou</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/ijo-5-609]]></guid><cfi:id>83</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Research progress on the negative factors of corneal endothelial cells proliferation]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/ijo-5-614]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The human corneal endothelium forms a boundary layer between anterior chamber and corneal stoma. The corneal endothelial cells are responsible for maintaining cornea transparency, which is very vital for our visual acuity, via its pump and barrier functions. The adult corneal endothelial cells<i> in vivo</i> lack proliferation in response to the cell loss caused by outer damages and diseases. As a result, in order to compensate for cell loss, corneal endothelial cells migrate and enlarge while not via dividing to increase the endothelial cell density. Therefore, it is not capable for corneal endothelium to restore the corneal clarity. Some researches have proved that<i> in vitro</i> the corneal endothelial maintained proliferation ability. This review describes the current research progress regarding the negative factors that inhibit proliferation of the corneal endothelial cells. This review will mainly present several genes and proteins that inhibit the proliferation of the corneal endothelial cells, of course including some other factors like enzymes and position.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Yu-Bo Cui and Jing Wu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Yu-Bo Cui and Jing Wu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/ijo-5-614]]></guid><cfi:id>82</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Statistical virtual eye model based on wavefront aberration]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/ijo-5-620]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Wavefront aberration affects the quality of retinal image directly. This paper reviews the representation and reconstruction of wavefront aberration, as well as the construction of virtual eye model based on Zernike polynomial coefficients. In addition, the promising prospect of virtual eye model is emphasized.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jie-Mei Wang,Chun-Ling Liu,Yi-Ning Luo,Yi-Guang Liu and Bing-Jie Hu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jie-Mei Wang,Chun-Ling Liu,Yi-Ning Luo,Yi-Guang Liu and Bing-Jie Hu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/ijo-5-620]]></guid><cfi:id>81</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Optogenetics: a novel optical manipulation tool for medical investigation]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201204022]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Optogenetics is a new and rapidly evolving gene and neuroengineering technology that allows optical control of specific populations of neurons without affecting other neurons in the brain at high temporal and spatial resolution. By heterologous expression of the light-sensitive membrane proteins, cell type-specific depolarization or hyperpolarization can be optically induced on a millisecond time scale. Optogenetics has the higher selectivity and specificity compared to traditional electrophysiological techniques and pharmaceutical methods. It has been a novel promising tool for medical research. Because of easy handling, high temporal and spatial precision, optogenetics has been applied to many aspects of nervous system research, such as tactual neural circuit, visual neural circuit, auditory neural circuit and olfactory neural circuit, as well as research of some neurological diseases. The review highlights the recent advances of optogenetics in medical study.]]></description>
<pubDate></pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jun-Ping Yao,Wen-Sheng Hou and Zheng-Qin Yin]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jun-Ping Yao,Wen-Sheng Hou and Zheng-Qin Yin</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/201204022]]></guid><cfi:id>80</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Evaluation of corneal cell growth on tissue engineering materials as artificial cornea scaffolds]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130623]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The keratoprosthesis (KPro; artificial cornea) is a special refractive device to replace human cornea by using heterogeneous forming materials for the implantation into the damaged eyes in order to obtain a certain vision. The main problems of artificial cornea are the biocompatibility and stability of the tissue particularly in penetrating keratoplasty. The current studies of tissue-engineered scaffold materials through comprising composites of natural and synthetic biopolymers together have developed a new way to artificial cornea. Although a wide agreement that the long-term stability of these devices would be greatly improved by the presence of cornea cells, modification of keratoprosthesis to support cornea cells remains elusive. Most of the studies on corneal substrate materials and surface modification of composites have tried to improve the growth and biocompatibility of cornea cells which can not only reduce the stimulus of heterogeneous materials, but also more importantly continuous and stable cornea cells can prevent the destruction of collagenase. The necrosis of stroma and spontaneous extrusion of the device, allow for maintenance of a precorneal tear layer, and play the role of ensuring a good optical surface and resisting bacterial infection. As a result, improvement in corneal cells has been the main aim of several recent investigations; some effort has focused on biomaterial for its well biological properties such as promoting the growth of cornea cells. The purpose of this review is to summary the growth status of the corneal cells after the implantation of several artificial corneas.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/12/22 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hai-Yan Wang,Rui-Hua Wei and Shao-Zhen Zhao]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hai-Yan Wang,Rui-Hua Wei and Shao-Zhen Zhao</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130623]]></guid><cfi:id>79</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[New options for uveitis treatment]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130530]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Uveitis is one of the most important causes of blindness worldwide. Its etiology and pathogenesis are complicated and have not been well understood. The treatment for uveitis is predominantly based on steroids and immunosuppressants. However, systemic side effects limit their clinical application. With the advancement of molecular biology, some intravitreal implants and biologic agents have been used for the treatment of uveitis. Additionally, novel techniques such as gene therapy and RNA interference are being studied for using as uveitis therapy. This paper reviews recent advances in uveitis treatment.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/10/21 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Yu He,Song-Bai Jia,Wei Zhang and Jing-Ming Shi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Yu He,Song-Bai Jia,Wei Zhang and Jing-Ming Shi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130530]]></guid><cfi:id>78</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Tests for malingering in ophthalmology]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130501]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Simulation can be defined as malingering, or sometimes functional visual loss (FVL). It manifests as either simulating an ophthalmic disease (positive simulation), or denial of ophthalmic disease (negative simulation). Conscious behavior and compensation or indemnity claims are prominent features of simulation. Since some authors suggest that this is a manifestation of underlying psychopathology, even conversion is included in this context. In today’s world, every ophthalmologist can face with simulation of ophthalmic disease or disorder. In case of simulation suspect, the physician’s responsibility is to prove the simulation considering the disease/disorder first, and simulation as an exclusion. In simulation examinations, the physician should be firm and smart to select appropriate test(s) to convince not only the subject, but also the judge in case of indemnity or compensation trials. Almost all ophthalmic sensory and motor functions including visual acuity, visual field, color vision and night vision can be the subject of simulation. Examiner must be skillful in selecting the most appropriate test. Apart from those in the literature, we included all kinds of simulation in ophthalmology. In addition, simulation examination techniques, such as, use of optical coherence tomography, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP), and modified polarization tests were also included. In this review, we made a thorough literature search, and added our experiences to give the readers up-to-date information on malingering or simulation in ophthalmology.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/10/21 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ali Ihsan Incesu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ali Ihsan Incesu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130501]]></guid><cfi:id>77</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Nanoparticles in the ocular drug delivery]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130325]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Ocular drug transport barriers pose a challenge for drug delivery comprising the ocular surface epithelium, the tear film and internal barriers of the blood-aqueous and blood-retina barriers. Ocular drug delivery efficiency depends on the barriers and the clearance from the choroidal, conjunctival vessels and lymphatic. Traditional drug administration reduces the clinical efficacy especially for poor water soluble molecules and for the posterior segment of the eye. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been designed to overcome the barriers, increase the drug penetration at the target site and prolong the drug levels by few internals of drug administrations in lower doses without any toxicity compared to the conventional eye drops. With the aid of high specificity and multifunctionality, DNA NPs can be resulted in higher transfection efficiency for gene therapy. NPs could target at cornea, retina and choroid by surficial applications and intravitreal injection. This review is concerned with recent findings and applications of NPs drug delivery systems for the treatment of different eye diseases.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/6/24 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hong-Yan Zhou,Ji-Long Hao,Shuang Wang,Yu Zheng and Wen-Song Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hong-Yan Zhou,Ji-Long Hao,Shuang Wang,Yu Zheng and Wen-Song Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130325]]></guid><cfi:id>76</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Retinoblastoma:concerning its initiation and treatment]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130326]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular cancer of infancy and childhood. This cancer is initiated by mutation on <i>RB1</i>, the tumor suppressor gene that is responsible for the regulation of both cell cycle and gnome stability in retinal cells. Patients with a constitutional mutation on <i>RB1</i> can be inherited. RB occurs approximately 1 in every 15 000-20 000 live births. The worldwide mortality for this cancer is about 5%-11%. However, this rate rises to about 40%-70% in developing countries due to a delay in diagnosis. A wide variety of options are available for the treatment, but often a combination of therapies is adopted to optimize individualized care.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/6/24 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Chang Luo and Ying-Ping Deng]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Chang Luo and Ying-Ping Deng</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130326]]></guid><cfi:id>75</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Potential therapeutic effects of pigment epithelium-derived factor for treatment of diabetic retinopathy]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130222]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major micro-vascular complication of diabetes, has emerged as a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among working adults in the worldwide. The pathobiology of DR involves multiple molecular pathways and is characterized chronic neurovascular degeneration. Current approaches to prevent or to treat DR are still far from satisfactory. Therefore, it is important to develop new therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment to DR. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), a 50-kDa secreted glycoprotein, has been described as a multi-functional protein. Some emerging evidences indicate that PEDF are able to target multiple pathways exerting neurotropic, neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic, antivasopermeability, anti-inflammation, anti-thrombogenic and anti-oxidative effects in DR. In this review, we addressed the functions of PEDF in different pathways, which could lead to potential therapeutics on the treatment to DR.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/4/22 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xiao Liu,Hui-Hui Chen and Li-Wei Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xiao Liu,Hui-Hui Chen and Li-Wei Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130222]]></guid><cfi:id>74</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity:a review of conventional and promising new therapeutic options]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130223]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal vascular disease of premature infants, continues to be a major cause of preventable childhood blindness all over the world. The incidence of ROP varies among countries, being influenced by the quality of the level of neonatal intensive care. Here, we discuss the potential treatments that are now available or will soon or probably be available for ROP. Although ablation of the avascular retina with laser photocoagulation remains the current gold standard and well established therapy for ROP, some new therapeutic options including angiostatic therapies are being explored based on our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the ROP and complications and efficacy of laser treatment. However, prevention of the development of severe ROP and screening for ROP seem to be the best strategy in avoiding visual impairment caused by ROP in premature infants. New therapeutic interventions including vascular endothelial growth factor antibody administration, gene therapy and supplemental therapies should be supported with evidence-based data for the treatment of ROP.]]></description>
<pubDate>2013/4/22 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Fatih Mehmet Mutlu and Serdar Umit  Sarici]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Fatih Mehmet Mutlu and Serdar Umit  Sarici</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20130223]]></guid><cfi:id>73</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Surgical treatment for residual or recurrent strabismus]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140627]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Although the surgical treatment is a relatively effective and predictable method for correcting residual or recurrent strabismus, such as posterior fixation sutures, medial rectus marginal myotomy, unilateral or bilateral rectus re-recession and resection, unilateral lateral rectus recession and adjustable suture, no standard protocol is established for the surgical style. Different surgical approaches have been recommended for correcting residual or recurrent strabismus. The choice of the surgical procedure depends on the former operation pattern and the surgical dosages applied on the patients, residual or recurrent angle of deviation and the operator''s preference and experience. This review attempts to outline recent publications and current opinion in the management of residual or recurrent esotropia and exotropia.]]></description>
<pubDate>2014/12/15 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Tao Wang and Li-Hua Wang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Tao Wang and Li-Hua Wang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140627]]></guid><cfi:id>72</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The role of heredity in pterygium development]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140331]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Several risk factors, which include heredity, ultra-violet (UV) light and chronic inflammation, contribute to pterygium development. However, there is no report integrating these factors in the pathogenesis of pterygium. The aim of this review is to describe the connection between heredity, UV, and inflammation in pterygium development. Existing reports indicate that sunlight exposure is the main factor in pterygium occurrence by inducing growth factor production or chronic inflammation or DNA damage. Heredity may be a factor. Our studies on factors in pterygium occurrence and recurrence identify that heredity is crucial for pterygium to develop, and that sunlight is only a trigger, and that chronic inflammation promotes pterygium enlargement. We propose that genetic factors may interfere with the control of fibrovascular proliferation while UV  light or (sunlight) most likely only triggers pterygium development by inducing growth factors which promote vibrant fibrovascular proliferation in predisposed individuals. It also just triggers inflammation and collagenolysis, which may be promoters of the enlargement of the fibrovascular mass. Pterygium probably occurs in the presence of exuberant collagen production and profuse neovascularisation.]]></description>
<pubDate>2014/6/24 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Peter Anguria,James Kitinya,Sam Ntuli and Trevor Carmichael]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Peter Anguria,James Kitinya,Sam Ntuli and Trevor Carmichael</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140331]]></guid><cfi:id>71</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Selenium supplementation in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy:an update]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140231]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The therapeutic effect of selenium (Se) has already been proven in thyroid disease and thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). In spite of clear scientific proof of its benefits in TAO, there appears to be no clear agreement among the clinicians regarding its optimum dose, duration of the treatment, efficacy and safety to date. In this review, the author summarises the findings of 135 English language articles published on this subject over the past four decades from 1973 to 2013. The regulation and metabolism of thyroid hormones require a steady supply of Se and recent studies have revealedseveral possible mechanisms by which Se improves the severity of thyroid disease and TAO. These mechanisms include 1) inhibitory effect of HLA-DR molecule expression on thyrocytes; 2) profound reductions of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSHR-Ab) and TPO antibodies (TPO-Ab); 3) prevention of dysregulation of cell-mediated immunity and B cell function; 4) neutralising reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of redox control processes required for the activation, differentiation and action of lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells involved in both acute and chronic orbital inflammation in TAO; 5) inhibition of expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and 6) inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. An increased oxidative stress has been observed in both acute and chronic phases of thyroid disease with raised tissue concentrations of ROS. The benefits of Se supplementation in individuals with TAO appear to be proportionate to the degree of systemic activity of the thyroid disease. The maximal benefit of Se supplementation is therefore seen in the subjects who are hyperthyroid. Restoration of euthyroidism is one of the main goals in the management of TAO and when anti-thyroid drugs are combined with Se, the patients with Graves’ disease (GD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) achieved euthyroidism faster than those treated with anti-thyroid drugs alone. Se status of normal adult humans can vary widely and Se supplementation may confer benefit only if serum Se levels are insufficient. The author recommends that serum Se levels of patients with TAO to be assessed prior to and during Se supplementation at regular intervals to avoid potential iatrogenic chronic Se overdose.]]></description>
<pubDate>2014/4/23 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Aruna Dharmasena]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Aruna Dharmasena</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140231]]></guid><cfi:id>70</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Regulation of scleral fibroblast differentiation by bone morphogenetic protein-2]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140128]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Bone morphogenesis proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors. They are expressed in retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and sclera and serve as a regulator in the growth and development of the eye. This article reviewed the chondrogenic potency of the sclera, biochemical and pathological changes of myopic scleral tissue and the differentiation of chondrogenesis by BMP-2. We proposed the hypothesis that BMP-2 can regulate differentiate of scleral fibroblasts and affect the development of myopia.]]></description>
<pubDate>2014/2/20 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hong-Hui Li,Li-Jun Huo,Feng Zhao,Zhen-Ya Gao and Jun-Wen Zeng]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hong-Hui Li,Li-Jun Huo,Feng Zhao,Zhen-Ya Gao and Jun-Wen Zeng</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140128]]></guid><cfi:id>69</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Progress of corneal collagen cross-linking combined with refractive surgery]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140129]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[As a photochemical reaction that can stiffen the cornea, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is the only promising method of preventing the progress of keratectasia, such as keratoconus and secondary ectasia following refractive surgery. The aim of CXL is to stabilize the underlying condition, with a small chance of visual improvement. Combining CXL with refractive surgery targeting both stabilization and reshaping of the corneal tissue for visual function improvement is a good treatment option. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and unbiased summary of the published research regarding combined CXL and refractive surgery, including measures and results, to help elucidate the future direction of CXL.]]></description>
<pubDate>2014/2/20 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Na Li,Xiu-Jun Peng and Zheng-Jun Fan]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Na Li,Xiu-Jun Peng and Zheng-Jun Fan</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20140129]]></guid><cfi:id>68</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Recent advances in the dark adaptation investigations]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150631]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Dark adaptation is a highly sensitive neural function and may be the first symptom of many status including the physiologic and pathologic entity, suggesting that it could be instrumental for diagnose. However, shortcomings such as the lack of standardized parameters, the long duration of examination, and subjective&#160;randomness would substantially impede the use of dark adaptation in clinical work. In this review we summarize the recent research about the dark adaptation, including two visual cycles-canonical and cone-specific visual cycle, affecting factors and the methods for measuring dark adaptation. In the opinions of authors, intensive investigations are needed to be done for the widely use of this significant visual function in clinic.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/11/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Guo-Qing Yang,Tao Chen,Ye Tao and Zuo-Ming Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Guo-Qing Yang,Tao Chen,Ye Tao and Zuo-Ming Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150631]]></guid><cfi:id>67</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Research on induced pluripotent stem cells and the application in ocular tissues]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150431]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were firstly induced from mouse fibroblasts since 2006, and then the research on iPSCs had made great progress in the following years. iPSCs were established from different somatic cells through DNA, RNA, protein or small molecule pathways and transduction vehicles. With continuous improvement of technology on reprogramming, the induction of iPSCs became more secure and effective, and showed enormous promise for clinical applications. We reviewed different reprogramming of somatic cells, four kinds of pathways of reprogramming and three types of transduction vehicles, and discuss the research of iPSCs in ophthalmology and the prospect of iPSCs applications.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/27 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xiao-Ling Guo and Jian-Su Chen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xiao-Ling Guo and Jian-Su Chen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150431]]></guid><cfi:id>66</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Potential role of nuclear receptor ligand all-trans retinoic acids in the treatment of fungal keratitis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150432]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Fungal keratitis (FK) is a worldwide visual impairment disease. This infectious fungus initiates the primary innate immune response and, later the adaptive immune response. The inflammatory process is related to a variety of immune cells, including macrophages, helper T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and Treg cells, and is associated with proinflammatory, chemotactic and regulatory cytokines. All-trans retinoic acids (ATRA) have diverse immunomodulatory actions in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. These retinoids regulate the transcriptional levels of target genes through the activation of nuclear receptors. Retinoic acid receptor α (RAR α), retinoic acid receptor γ (RAR γ), and retinoid X receptor α (RXR α) are expressed in the cornea and immune cells. This paper summarizes new findings regarding ATRA in immune and inflammatory diseases and analyzes the perspective application of ATRA in FK.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/7/27 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hong-Yan Zhou,Wei Zhong,Hong Zhang,Miao-Miao Bi,Shuang Wang and Wen-Song Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hong-Yan Zhou,Wei Zhong,Hong Zhang,Miao-Miao Bi,Shuang Wang and Wen-Song Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150432]]></guid><cfi:id>65</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Development of gene and stem cell therapy for ocular neurodegeneration]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150333]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinal degenerative diseases pose a serious threat to eye health, but there is currently no effective treatment available. Recent years have witnessed rapid development of several cutting-edge technologies, such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and tissue engineering. Due to the special features of ocular structure, some of these technologies have been translated into ophthalmological clinic practice with fruitful achievements, setting a good example for other fields. This paper reviews the development of the gene and stem cell therapies in ophthalmology.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/6/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jing-Xue Zhang,Ning-Li Wang and Qing-Jun Lu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jing-Xue Zhang,Ning-Li Wang and Qing-Jun Lu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150333]]></guid><cfi:id>64</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Corneal collagen crosslinking in keratoconus and other eye disease]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150235]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Keratoconus is a condition characterized by biomechanical instability of the cornea, presenting in a progressive, asymmetric and bilateral way. Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) with riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A (UVA) is a new technique of corneal tissue strengthening that combines the use of riboflavin as a photo sensitizer and UVA irradiation. Studies showed that CXL was effective in halting the progression of keratoconus over a period of up to four years. The published studies also revealed a reduction of max K readings by more than 2 D, while the postoperative spherical equivalent (SEQ) was reduced by an average of more than 1 D and refractive cylinder decreased by about 1 D. The major indication for the use of CXL is to inhibit the progression of corneal ecstasies, such as keratoconus and pellucid marginal degeneration. CXL may also be effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of iatrogenic keratectasia, resulting from excessively aggressive photo ablation. This treatment has been used to treat infectious corneal ulcers with apparent favorable results. Most recent studies demonstrate the beneficial impact of CXL for iatrogenic ecstasies, pellucid marginal degeneration, infectious keratitis, bullous keratopathy and ulcerative keratitis. Several long-term and short-term complications of CXL have been studied and documented. The possibility of a secondary infection after the procedure exists because the patient is subject to epithelial debridement and the application of a soft contact lens. Formation of temporary corneal haze, permanent scars, endothelial damage, treatment failure, sterile infiltrates, bullous keratopathy and herpes reactivation are the other reported complications of this procedure.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/4/16 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Adel Alhayek and Pei-Rong Lu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Adel Alhayek and Pei-Rong Lu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150235]]></guid><cfi:id>63</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Femtosecond laser in refractive and cataract surgeries]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150236]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[In the past few years, 9 unique laser platforms have been brought to the market. As femtosecond (FS) laser-assisted ophthalmic surgery potentially improves patient safety and visual outcomes, this new technology indeed provides ophthalmologists a reliable new option. But this new technology also poses a range of new clinical and financial challenges for surgeons. We provide an overview of the evolution of FS laser technology for use in refractive and cataract surgeries. This review describes the available laser platforms and mainly focuses on discussing the development of ophthalmic surgery technologies.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/4/16 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Han-Han Liu,Ying Hu and Hong-Ping Cui]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Han-Han Liu,Ying Hu and Hong-Ping Cui</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150236]]></guid><cfi:id>62</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Clinical correlates of common corneal neovascular diseases:a literature review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150132]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[A large subset of corneal pathologies involves the formation of new blood and lymph vessels (neovascularization), leading to compromised visual acuity. This article aims to review the clinical causes and presentations of corneal neovascularization (CNV) by examining the mechanisms behind common CNV-related corneal pathologies, with a particular focus on herpes simplex stromal keratitis, contact lenses-induced keratitis and CNV secondary to keratoplasty. Moreover, we reviewed CNV in the context of different types of corneal transplantation and keratoprosthesis, and summarized the most relevant treatments available so far.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/2/13 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah,Mohamed Amgad,Amira A Zayed,Hamdy Salem,Ahmed E Elkhanany,Heba Hussein and Nawal Abd El-Baky]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah,Mohamed Amgad,Amira A Zayed,Hamdy Salem,Ahmed E Elkhanany,Heba Hussein and Nawal Abd El-Baky</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20150132]]></guid><cfi:id>61</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The role of Toll-like receptors in retinal ischemic diseases]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160919]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are commonly referred to a series of evolutionary conserved receptors which recognize and respond to various microbes and endogenous ligands. Growing evidence has demonstrated that the expression of TLRs in the retina is regulated during retinal ischemic diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). TLRs can be expressed in multiple cells in the retina, such as glial cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as photoreceptor cells and endothelium cells.? Activation of TLRs in retina could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade, induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and regulate the level of co-stimulatory molecules, which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic diseases. In this review, we summarized current studies about the relationship between TLRs and ischemic retinopathy. A greater understanding of the effect of TLRs on ischemic injuries may contribute to the development of specific TLR targeted therapeutic strategies in these conditions.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/9/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Wen-Qin Xu and Yu-Sheng Wang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Wen-Qin Xu and Yu-Sheng Wang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160919]]></guid><cfi:id>60</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Nanomedicine in the application of uveal melanoma]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160820]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Rapid advances in nanomedicine have significantly changed many aspects of nanoparticle application to the eye including areas of diagnosis, imaging and more importantly drug delivery. The nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems has provided a solution to various drug solubility-related problems in ophthalmology treatment. Nanostructured compounds could be used to achieve local ocular delivery with minimal unwanted systematic side effects produced by taking advantage of the phagocyte system. In addition, the in vivo control release by nanomaterials encapsulated drugs provides prolong exposure of the compound in the body. Furthermore, certain nanoparticles can overcome important body barriers including the blood-retinal barrier as well as the corneal-retinal barrier of the eye for effective delivery of the drug. In summary, the nanotechnology based drug delivery system may serve as an important tool for uveal melanoma treatment.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/8/15 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Shuo You, Jing Luo, Hans E. Grossniklaus, Ma-Ling Gou, Ke Meng and Qing Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Shuo You, Jing Luo, Hans E. Grossniklaus, Ma-Ling Gou, Ke Meng and Qing Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160820]]></guid><cfi:id>59</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Research progress of stem cells on glaucomatous optic nerve injury]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160821]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness, is an irreversible optic neuropathy. The mechanism of optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma is undefined at present. There is no effective treatment method for the injury. Stem cells have the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. These two features have made them become the research focus on improving the injury at present. This paper reviews the application progress on different types of stem cells therapy for optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/8/15 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ya-Sha Zhou, Jian Xu, Jun Peng, Ping Li, Xiao-Juan Wen, Yue Liu, Ke-Zhu Chen, Jia-Qi Liu, Ying Wang and Qing-Hua Peng]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ya-Sha Zhou, Jian Xu, Jun Peng, Ping Li, Xiao-Juan Wen, Yue Liu, Ke-Zhu Chen, Jia-Qi Liu, Ying Wang and Qing-Hua Peng</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160821]]></guid><cfi:id>58</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Device interchangeability on anterior chamber depth and white-to-white measurements: a thorough literature review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160720]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[We have reviewed a set of recently published studies that compared the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and/or white-to-white (WTW) distance obtained by means of different measuring devices. Since some of those studies reached contradictory conclusions regarding device interchangeability, this review was carried out in attempting to clarify which clinical devices can or cannot be considered as interchangeable in clinical practice to measure ACD and/or WTW distance, among these devices: A-scan, ultrasound biomicroscopy, Orbscan and Orbscan II (Bausch&Lomb Surgical Inc., San Dimas, California, USA), Pentacam and Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), Galilei (Ziemer, Switzerland), Visante optical coherence tomography (Visante OCT, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, California, USA), IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany), and Lenstar LS 900/Biograph (Haag-Streit AG, Koeniz, Switzerland/Alcon Laboratories Inc., Ft Worth, Texas, USA).]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/7/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Alberto Domínguez-Vicent, Cari Pérez-Vives, Teresa Ferrer-Blasco, Santiago García-Lázaro and Robert Montés-Micó]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Alberto Domínguez-Vicent, Cari Pérez-Vives, Teresa Ferrer-Blasco, Santiago García-Lázaro and Robert Montés-Micó</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160720]]></guid><cfi:id>57</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The effect of lens aging and cataract surgery on circadian rhythm]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160721]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Many organisms have evolved an approximately 24-hour circadian rhythm that allows them to achieve internal physiological homeostasis with external environment. Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the central pacemaker of circadian rhythm, and its activity is entrained to the external light-dark cycle. The SCN controls circadian rhythm through regulating the synthesis of melatonin by pineal gland via a multisynaptic pathway. Light, especially short-wavelength blue light, is the most potent environmental time cue in circadian photoentrainment. Recently, the discovery of a novel type of retinal photoreceptors, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, sheds light on the mechanism of circadian photoentrainment and raises concerns about the effect of ocular diseases on circadian system. With age, light transmittance is significantly decreased due to the aging of crystalline lens, thus possibly resulting in progressive loss of circadian photoreception. In the current review, we summarize the circadian physiology, highlight the important role of light in circadian rhythm regulation, discuss about the correlation between age-related cataract and sleep disorders, and compare the effect of blue light- filtering intraocular lenses (IOLs) and ultraviolet only filtering IOLs on circadian rhythm.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/7/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Shen-Shen Yan and Wei Wang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Shen-Shen Yan and Wei Wang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160721]]></guid><cfi:id>56</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Characteristics of corneal dystrophies: a review from clinical, histological and genetic perspectives]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160620]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Corneal dystrophy is a common type of hereditary corneal diseases. It includes many types, which have varied pathology, histology and clinical manifestations. Recently, the examination techniques of ophthalmology and gene sequencing advance greatly, which do benefit to our understanding of these diseases. However, many aspects remain still unknown. And due to the poor knowledge of these diseases, the results of the treatments are not satisfoctory. The purpose of this review was to summarize the clinical, histological and genetic characteristics of different types of corneal dystrophies.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/6/16 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ze-Nan Lin, Jie Chen and Hong-Ping Cui]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ze-Nan Lin, Jie Chen and Hong-Ping Cui</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160620]]></guid><cfi:id>55</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The transcorneal electrical stimulation as a novel therapeutic strategy against retinal and optic neuropathy: a review of experimental and clinical trials]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160621]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) is a novel therapeutic approach to activate the retina and related downstream structures. TES has multiple advantages over traditional treatments, such as being minimally invasive and readily applicable in a routine manner. Series of animal experiments have shown that TES protects the retinal neuron from traumatic or genetic induced degeneration. These laboratory evidences support its utilization in ophthalmological therapies against various retinal and optical diseases including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), traumatic optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and retinal artery occlusions (RAOs). Several pioneering explorations sought to clarify the functional mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of TES. It seems that the neuroprotective effects should not be attributed to a solitary pathway, on the contrary, multiple mechanisms might contribute collectively to maintain cellular homeostasis and promote cell survival in the retina. More precise evaluations via functional and morphological techniques would determine the exact mechanism underlying the remarkable neuroprotective effect of TES. Further studies to determine the optimal parameters and the long-term stability of TES are crucial to justify the clinical significance and to establish TES as a popularized therapeutic modality against retinal and optic neuropathy.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/6/16 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ye Tao, Tao Chen, Bei Liu, Li-Qiang Wang, Guang-Hua Peng, Li-Min Qin, Zhong-Jun Yan and Yi-Fei Huang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ye Tao, Tao Chen, Bei Liu, Li-Qiang Wang, Guang-Hua Peng, Li-Min Qin, Zhong-Jun Yan and Yi-Fei Huang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160621]]></guid><cfi:id>54</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Ophthalmology simulation for undergraduate and postgraduate clinical education]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160622]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[This is a review education paper on the current ophthalmology simulators utilized worldwide for undergraduate and postgraduate training. At present, various simulators such as the EYE Exam Simulator (Kyoto Kagaku Co. Ltd., Kyoto, Japan), Eyesi direct ophthalmoscope simulator (VRmagic, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), Eyesi indirect ophthalmoscope simulator (VRmagic, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) and Eyesi cataract simulators (VRmagic, GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). These simulators are thought to be able to reduce the initial learning curve for the ophthalmology training but further research will need to be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the simulation-assisted Ophthalmology training. Future research will be of great value to assess the medical students and residents’ responses and performance regarding the usefulness of the individual eye simulator.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/6/16 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Shaun Sebastian Khung Peng Sim, Christine Wen Leng Yau, Mohamad Rosman, Ai Tee Aw and Ian Yew San Yeo]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Daniel Shu Wei Ting, Shaun Sebastian Khung Peng Sim, Christine Wen Leng Yau, Mohamad Rosman, Ai Tee Aw and Ian Yew San Yeo</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160622]]></guid><cfi:id>53</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Molecular underpinnings of corneal angiogenesis: advances over the past decade]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160524]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The cornea is maintained in an avascular state by maintaining an environment whereby anti-angiogenic factors take the upper hand over factors promoting angiogenesis. Many of the common pathologies affecting the cornea involve the disruption of such equilibrium and the shift towards new vessel formation, leading to corneal opacity and eventually-vision loss. Therefore it is of paramount importance that the molecular underpinnings of corneal neovascularization (CNV) be clearly understood, in order to develop better targeted treatments. This article is a review of the literature on the recent discoveries regarding pro-angiogenic factors of the cornea (such as vascular endothelial growth factors, fibroblast growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases) and anti-angiogenic factors of the cornea (such as endostatins and neostatins). Further, we review the molecular underpinnings of lymphangiogenesis, a process now known to be almost separate from (yet related to) hemangiogenesis.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/5/23 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah,Mohamed Amgad,Amira A. Zayed,Heba Hussein and Nawal Abd El-Baky]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Nizar Saleh Abdelfattah,Mohamed Amgad,Amira A. Zayed,Heba Hussein and Nawal Abd El-Baky</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160524]]></guid><cfi:id>52</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Ocular diseases: immunological and molecular mechanisms]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160525]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Many factors, such as environmental, microbial and endogenous stress, antigen localization, can trigger the immunological events that affect the ending of the diverse spectrum of ocular disorders. Significant advances in understanding of immunological and molecular mechanisms have been researched to improve the diagnosis and therapy for patients with ocular inflammatory diseases. Some kinds of ocular diseases are inadequately responsive to current medications; therefore, immunotherapy may be a potential choice as an alternative or adjunctive treatment, even in the prophylactic setting. This article first provides an overview of the immunological and molecular mechanisms concerning several typical and common ocular diseases; second, the functions of immunological roles in some of systemic autoimmunity will be discussed; third, we will provide a summary of the mechanisms that dictate immune cell trafficking to ocular local microenvironment in response to inflammation.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/5/23 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jing Song, Yi-Fei Huang, Wen-Jing Zhang, Xiao-Fei Chen and Yu-Mian Guo]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jing Song, Yi-Fei Huang, Wen-Jing Zhang, Xiao-Fei Chen and Yu-Mian Guo</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160525]]></guid><cfi:id>51</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Host immune cellular reactions in corneal neovascularization]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160425]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a global important cause of visual impairment. The immune mechanisms leading to corneal heme- and lymphangiogenesis have been extensively studied over the past years as more attempts were made to develop better prophylactic and therapeutic measures. This article aims to discuss immune cells of particular relevance to CNV, with a focus on macrophages, Th17 cells, dendritic cells and the underlying immunology of common pathologies involving neovascularization of the cornea. Hopefully, a thorough understanding of these topics would propel the efforts to halt the detrimental effects of CNV.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/4/15 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Nizar S. Abdelfattah,Mohamed Amgad and Amira A Zayed]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Nizar S. Abdelfattah,Mohamed Amgad and Amira A Zayed</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160425]]></guid><cfi:id>50</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Effect of corneal light scatter on vision: a review of the literature]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160324]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The cornea is the transparent connective tissue window at the front of the eye. The physiological role of the cornea is to conduct external light into the eye, focus it, together with the lens, onto the retina, and to provide rigidity to the entire eyeball. Therefore, good vision requires maintenance of the transparency and proper refractive shape of the cornea. The surface structures irregularities can be associated with wavefront aberrations and scattering errors. Light scattering in the human cornea causes a reduction of visual quality. In fact, the cornea must be transparent and maintain a smooth and stable curvature since it contributes to the major part of the focusing power of the eye. In most cases, a simple examination of visual acuity cannot demonstrate the reduction of visual quality secondary light scattering. In fact, clinical techniques for examining the human cornea in vivo have greatly expanded over the last few decades. The measurement of corneal back scattering qualifies the degree of corneal transparency. The measurement of corneal forward-scattering quantifies the amount of visual impairment that is produced by the alteration of transparency. The aim of this study was to review scattering in the human cornea and methods of measuring it.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/3/11 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Leopoldo Spadea,Giorgia Maraone,Francesca Verboschi,Enzo Maria Vingolo and Daniele Tognetto]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Leopoldo Spadea,Giorgia Maraone,Francesca Verboschi,Enzo Maria Vingolo and Daniele Tognetto</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160324]]></guid><cfi:id>49</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Mitomycin C in pterygium treatment]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160325]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Pterygium is a benign lesion usually growing from the nasal side of the conjunctiva onto the cornea. Most cases of pterygium does not cause problem or requires specific treatment. The exact cause of pterygium is not clear yet, but some factors are pointed as causes, being the most important the long-term ultraviolet ray exposure. Pterygium surgery is usually considered when there are symptoms that do not respond to conservative treatment. Recurrence is the main complication of the surgery, and much has been done to avoid it. Mitomycin C (MMC) has been used as a fibroblast proliferation inhibitor during the surgery to reduce the chance of recurrence of the pterygium. This review describes the use of MMC as an adjunctive, the optimal dosage, the duration of administration of MMC and possible complications, when used during, after and before the surgery. Most studies suggest that increased exposure (dose or duration) of MMC is associated with a lower recurrence, but with higher risks of complications.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/3/11 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Thiago Gon&ccedil;alves dos Santos Martins, Ana Luiza Fontes de Azevedo Costa, Milton Ruiz Alves, Roger Chammas and Paulo Schor]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Thiago Gon&ccedil;alves dos Santos Martins, Ana Luiza Fontes de Azevedo Costa, Milton Ruiz Alves, Roger Chammas and Paulo Schor</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160325]]></guid><cfi:id>48</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Liquefaction for cataract extraction]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160224]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[A systematic review of the recent literature regarding the implementation of the liquefaction in cataract surgery and its short-term and long-term outcomes in various parameters that affect the quality of patients’ life, including visual rehabilitation and possible complications was performed based on the PubMed, Medline, Nature and the American Academy of Ophthalmology databases in November 2013 and data from 14 comparative studies were included in this narrative review. Liquefaction is an innovative technology for cataract extraction that uses micropulses of balanced salt solution to liquefy the lens nucleus. Most studies reported that liquefaction is a reliable technology for mild to moderate cataracts, while fragmentation difficulties may be encountered with harder nuclei.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/2/4 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Georgios Labiris,Aspasia Toli,Damaskini Polychroni,Maria Gkika,Dimitrios Angelonias and Vassilios P. Kozobolis]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Georgios Labiris,Aspasia Toli,Damaskini Polychroni,Maria Gkika,Dimitrios Angelonias and Vassilios P. Kozobolis</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160224]]></guid><cfi:id>47</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Photobiomodulation for the treatment of retinal diseases: a review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160124]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low level laser therapy, has recently risen to the attention of the ophthalmology community as a promising new approach to treat a variety of retinal conditions including age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy, amblyopia, methanol-induced retinal damage, and possibly others. This review evaluates the existing research pertaining to PBM applications in the retina, with a focus on the mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes. All available literature until April 2015 was reviewed using PubMed and the following keywords: “photobiomodulation AND retina”, “low level light therapy AND retina”, “low level laser therapy AND retina”, and “FR/NIR therapy AND retina”. In addition, the relevant references listed within the papers identified through PubMed were incorporated. The literature supports the conclusion that the low-cost and non-invasive nature of PBM, coupled with the first promising clinical reports and the numerous preclinical-studies in animal models, make PBM well-poised to become an important player in the treatment of a wide range of retinal disorders. Nevertheless, large-scale clinical trials will be necessary to establish the PBM therapeutic ranges for the various retinal diseases, as well as to gain a deeper understanding of its mechanisms of action.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/12/29 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ivayla I. Geneva]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ivayla I. Geneva</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160124]]></guid><cfi:id>46</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Anthocyanin can arrest the cone photoreceptor degeneration and act as a novel treatment for retinitis pigmentosa]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160125]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of heterogeneous inherited retinal diseases that is characterized by primary death rod photoreceptors and the secondary loss of cones. The degeneration of cones causes gradual constriction of visual fields, leaving the central islands that are eventually snuffed out. Studies indicate that the hyperoxia causes oxidative damage in the retina and contributes to the cone death of RP. Moreover, abundant reactive oxidative species (ROS) which are generated in cones may result in mitochondria membrane depolarization, which has been ascribed a central role in the apoptotic process and has been proposed to act as a forward feeding loop for the activation of downstream cascades. Anthocyanin is a potent antioxidant which has been evidenced to be able to counteract oxidative damages, scavenge surplus ROS, and rectify abnormities in the apoptotic cascade. Taken together with its ability to attenuate inflammation which also contributes to the etiology of RP, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the anthocyanin could act as a novel therapeutic strategy to retard or prevent cone degeneration in RP retinas, particularly if the treatment is timed appropriately and delivered efficiently. Future pharmacological investigations will identify the anthocyanin as an effective candidate for PR therapy and refinements of that knowledge would ignite the hope of restoring the visual function in RP patients.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/12/29 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ye Tao,Tao Chen,Guo-Qing Yang,Guang-Hua Peng,Zhong-Jun Yan and Yi-Fei Huang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ye Tao,Tao Chen,Guo-Qing Yang,Guang-Hua Peng,Zhong-Jun Yan and Yi-Fei Huang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160125]]></guid><cfi:id>45</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Ophthalmologic manifestations of celiac disease]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160126]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine of genetically predisposed individuals. Ophthalmic manifestations are within the extra-intestinal manifestations, and can be divided into those of autoimmune disorders or those due to absorptive disabilities. This article reviewed the ophthalmologic manifestation of celiac disease. Ophthalmic symptoms are rare, but should be investigated in patients with celiac disease and taken into consideration as the first systemic manifestation.]]></description>
<pubDate>2015/12/29 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Thiago Gon&#231;alves dos Santos Martins, Ana Luiza Fontes de Azevedo Costa, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Paulo Schor and Aytan Miranda Sipahi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Thiago Gon&#231;alves dos Santos Martins, Ana Luiza Fontes de Azevedo Costa, Maria Kiyoko Oyamada, Paulo Schor and Aytan Miranda Sipahi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20160126]]></guid><cfi:id>44</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Therapeutic and inducing effect of corneal crosslinking on infectious keratitis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161220]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The corneal crosslinking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A (UVA) is a new therapy method to successfully treat infectious keratitis in clinical practice. However, there are rare reports on the complications of CXL such as the secondary keratitis. The diverse clinical outcomes on keratitis have highlighted the necessity to further evaluate the efficacy and complications of CXL. We reviewed the positive and negative reports on UVA/riboflavin related with keratitis and provided our opinion on the therapeutic and side effect of UVA/riboflavin crosslinking on keratitis.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/12/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Liang-Zhu Jiang, Shi-Yan Qiu, Zhi-Wei Li, Xiao Zhang, Xiang-Chen Tao and Guo-Ying Mu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Liang-Zhu Jiang, Shi-Yan Qiu, Zhi-Wei Li, Xiao Zhang, Xiang-Chen Tao and Guo-Ying Mu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161220]]></guid><cfi:id>43</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Biomechanics of the sclera and effects on intraocular pressure]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161221]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Accumulating evidence indicates that glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), resulting in gradual and progressive permanent loss of vision. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the only proven method for preventing and delaying the progression of glaucomatous visual impairment. However, the specific role of IOP in optic nerve injury remains controversial, and little is known about the biomechanical mechanism by which elevated IOP leads to the loss of RGC. Published studies suggest that the biomechanical properties of the sclera and scleral lamina cribrosa determine the biomechanical changes of optic nerve head, and play an important role in the pathologic process of loss of RGC and optic nerve damage. This review focuses on the current understanding of biomechanics of sclera in glaucoma and provides an overview of the possible interactions between the sclera and IOP. Treatments and interventions aimed at the sclera are also discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/12/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xu Jia, Juan Yu, Sheng-Hui Liao and Xuan-Chu Duan]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xu Jia, Juan Yu, Sheng-Hui Liao and Xuan-Chu Duan</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161221]]></guid><cfi:id>42</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Eye pathologies in neonates]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161222]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[In the United Kingdom, newborn assessment incorporates a screening eye examination for any structural abnormalities, observation of neonate’s visual behaviour and direct ophthalmoscopy examination looking for red reflex. Early identification and immediate management of eye related pathologies should commence soon after birth as early diagnosis and prompt intervention may have significant impact on the prognosis for many potentially blinding but treatable disorders such as congenital cataracts and retinoblastoma. If left undetected and untreated, such problems may potentially lead to irreversible damage to the vision which persists into adulthood resulting in lack of self-confidence together with difficulties in educational attainment and job opportunities.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/12/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Nyaish Mansoor, Tihami Mansoor and Mansoor Ahmed]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Nyaish Mansoor, Tihami Mansoor and Mansoor Ahmed</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161222]]></guid><cfi:id>41</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Review of clinical and basic approaches of fungal keratitis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161123]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Fungal keratitis (FK) is a serious disease which can cause blindness. This review has current information about the pathogenesis, limitations of traditional diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, immune recognition and the diagnosis and therapy of FK. The information of this summary was reviewed regularly and updated as what we need in the diagnosis and therapy of FK nowadays.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/11/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jie Wu, Wen-Song Zhang, Jing Zhao and Hong-Yan Zhou]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jie Wu, Wen-Song Zhang, Jing Zhao and Hong-Yan Zhou</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161123]]></guid><cfi:id>40</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Management of glaucoma in pregnancy: risks or choices, a dilemma?]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161124]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The treatment of glaucoma in and around pregnancy offers the unique challenge of balancing the risk of vision loss to the mother as against the potential harm to the fetus or newborn. Most anti-glaucoma drugs (i.e. beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors topical and systemic, cholinergics, anticholinesterases, and apraclonidine) are considered category C agents and ophthalmologists are usually limited to treating patients with the category B drugs of brimonidine and dipivefrin. Brimonidine is generally the preferred first-line drug in the first, second and early third trimester. Late in the third trimester, brimonidine should be discontinued because it can induce central nervous system depression in newborns wherein topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may be the optimal choice. Glaucoma surgery can be performed with caution in second and third trimester if the patients have a strong indication for the procedure. However, anesthetics, sedative agents, and antimetabolites still have potential risk for the fetus. Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) or selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is an alternative treatment that can be performed in all trimesters. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and β-blockers are certified by the American Academy of Pediatrics for use during nursing. However, low doses of these medications should be considered when used in the breast feeding period. Optimum treatment for glaucoma in pregnancy must not be withheld so as to prevent any further deterioration in progressive vision loss and quality of life.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/11/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Harinder Singh Sethi, Mayuresh Naik and Vishnu Swarup Gupta]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Harinder Singh Sethi, Mayuresh Naik and Vishnu Swarup Gupta</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161124]]></guid><cfi:id>39</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Age-related changes in the kinetics of human lenses: prevention of the cataract]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161023]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The crystalline lens is a transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina and, by changing shape, it adjusts focal distance (accommodation). The three classes of structural proteins found in the lens are α, β, and γ crystallins. These proteins make up more than 90% of the total dry mass of the eye lens. Other components which can be found are sugars, lipids, water, several antioxidants and low weight molecules. When ageing changes occur in the lens, it causes a gradual reduction in transparency, presbyopia and an increase in the scattering and aberration of light waves as well as a degradation of the optical quality of the eye. The main changes that occur with aging are: 1) reduced diffusion of water from the outside to the inside of the lens and from its cortical to its nuclear zone; 2) crystalline change due to the accumulation of high molecular weight aggregates and insoluble proteins; 3) production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), lipid accumulation, reduction of reduced glutathione content and destruction of ascorbic acid. Even if effective strategies in preventing cataract onset are not already known, good results have been reached in some cases with oral administration of antioxidant substances such as caffeine, pyruvic acid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), α-lipoic acid and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) over expression could protect lens cells both in presence and in absence of oxidative stress-induced damage. Nevertheless, promising results have been obtained by reducing ultraviolet-induced oxidative damage.]]></description>
<pubDate>2016/10/13 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Nicola Pescosolido, Andrea Barbato, Rossella Giannotti, Chiara Komaiha and Fiammetta Lenarduzzi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Nicola Pescosolido, Andrea Barbato, Rossella Giannotti, Chiara Komaiha and Fiammetta Lenarduzzi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20161023]]></guid><cfi:id>38</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The role of elastic fibers in pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170921]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The PubMed, MEDLINE databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for information regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of conjunctivochalasis (CCh) and the synthesis and degradation of elastic fibers. After analysis of the literature, we found elastic fibers was a complex protein molecule from the structure and composition; the degradation of elastic fibers was one of the histopathological features of the disease; the vast majority of the factors related to the pathogenesis of CCh ultimately pointed to abnormal elastic fibers. By reasonably speculating, we considered that abnormal elastic fibers cause the conjunctival relaxation. In conclusion, we hypothesize that elastic fibers play an important role in the pathogenesis of CCh. Studies on the mechanism of synthesis, degradation of elastic fibers are helpful to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and to find effective treatment methods.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/9/5 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jing-Yun Gan, Qing-Song Li, Zhen-Yong Zhang, Wei Zhang and Xing-Ru Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jing-Yun Gan, Qing-Song Li, Zhen-Yong Zhang, Wei Zhang and Xing-Ru Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170921]]></guid><cfi:id>37</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Corneal blindness and current major treatment concern-graft scarcity]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170721]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[According to World Health Organization, the global prevalence of blindness in 2010 was 39 million people, among which 4% were due to corneal opacities. Often, the sole resort for visual restoration of patients with damaged corneas is corneal transplantation. However, despite rapid developments of surgical techniques, instrumentations and immunosuppressive agents, corneal blindness remains a prevalent global health issue. This is largely due to the scarcity of good quality corneal grafts. In this review, the causes of corneal blindness, its major treatment options, and the major contributory factors of corneal graft scarcity with potential solutions are discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/7/11 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Kah Hie Wong, Ka Wai Kam, Li Jia Chen and Alvin L. Young]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Kah Hie Wong, Ka Wai Kam, Li Jia Chen and Alvin L. Young</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170721]]></guid><cfi:id>36</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Aberrant expression of genes and proteins in pterygium and their implications in the pathogenesis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170622]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease induced by a variety of factors. The exact pathogenesis of pterygium remains unclear. Numbers of genes and proteins are discovered in pterygium and they function differently in the occurrence and development of this disease. We searched the Web of Science and PubMed throughout history for literatures about the subject. The keywords we used contain pterygium, gene, protein, angiogenesis, fibrosis, proliferation, inflammation, pathogenesis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the aberrant expression of a range of genes and proteins in pterygium compared with normal conjunctiva or cornea, including growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, interleukins, tumor suppressor genes, proliferation related proteins, apoptosis related proteins, cell adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, heat shock proteins and tight junction proteins. We illustrate their possible mechanisms in the pathogenesis of pterygium as well as the related intervention based on them for pterygium therapy.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/6/14 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Qing-Yang Feng,Zi-Xuan Hu,Xi-Ling Song and Hong-Wei Pan]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Qing-Yang Feng,Zi-Xuan Hu,Xi-Ling Song and Hong-Wei Pan</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170622]]></guid><cfi:id>35</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Parameters of ocular fundus on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for glaucoma diagnosis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170623]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[In this review, we summarize the progression of several parameters assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in recent years for the detection of glaucoma. Monitoring the progression of defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness is essential. Imaging and analysis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and inner plexiform layer (IPL), respectively, have been of great importance. Optic nerve head (ONH) topography obtained from 3D SD-OCT images is another crucial step. Other important assessments involve locating the Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO), estimating the optic disc size and rim area, and measuring the lamina cribrosa displacement. Still other parameters found in the past three years for glaucoma diagnosis comprise central retinal artery resistive index, optic disc perfusion in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) study, peripapillary choroidal thickness, and choroidal area in SD-OCT. Recently, several more ocular fundus parameters have been found, and compared with the earlier parameters to judge the accuracy of diagnosis. While a few of these parameters have been widely used in clinical practice, a fair number are still in the experimental stage.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/6/14 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Yu-Lin Tao,Li-Ming Tao,Zheng-Xuan Jiang,He-Ting Liu,Kun Liang,Mo-Han Li,Xuan-Sheng Zhu,Yan-Lin Ren and Bing-Jie Cui]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Yu-Lin Tao,Li-Ming Tao,Zheng-Xuan Jiang,He-Ting Liu,Kun Liang,Mo-Han Li,Xuan-Sheng Zhu,Yan-Lin Ren and Bing-Jie Cui</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170623]]></guid><cfi:id>34</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[A systematic review of pseudophakic monovision for presbyopia correction]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170624]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[A systematic review of the recent literature regarding pseudophakic monovision as a reliable methods for presbyopia correction was performed based on the PubMed, MEDLINE, Nature and the American Academy of Ophthalmology databases in July 2015 and data from 18 descriptive and 12 comparative studies were included in this narrative review. Pseudophakic monosvision seems to be an effective method for presbyopia with high rates of spectacles independence and minimal dysphotopsia side-effects, that should be considered by the modern cataract surgeons.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/6/14 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Georgios Labiris,Aspa Toli,Aslin Perente,Panagiota Ntonti and Vassilios P. Kozobolis]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Georgios Labiris,Aspa Toli,Aslin Perente,Panagiota Ntonti and Vassilios P. Kozobolis</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170624]]></guid><cfi:id>33</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Role of corneal collagen fibrils in corneal disorders and related pathological conditions]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170524]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The cornea is a soft tissue located at the front of the eye with the principal function of transmitting and refracting light rays to precisely sense visual information. Corneal shape, refraction, and stromal stiffness are to a large part determined by corneal fibrils, the arrangements of which define the corneal cells and their functional behaviour. However, the modality and alignment of native corneal collagen lamellae are altered in various corneal pathological states such as infection, injury, keratoconus, corneal scar formation, and keratoprosthesis. Furthermore, corneal recuperation after corneal pathological change is dependent on the balance of corneal collagen degradation and contraction. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of corneal collagen is thus necessary to develop viable therapies using the outcome of strategies using engineered corneas. In this review, we discuss the composition and distribution of corneal collagens as well as their degradation and contraction, and address the current status of corneal tissue engineering and the progress of corneal cross-linking.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/5/11 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hong-Yan Zhou,Yan Cao,Jie Wu and Wen-Song Zhang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hong-Yan Zhou,Yan Cao,Jie Wu and Wen-Song Zhang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170524]]></guid><cfi:id>32</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in retinal degenerative diseases]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170423]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Gene therapy is a potentially effective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has been developed as a new genome-editing tool in ophthalmic studies. Recent advances in researches showed that CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in generating animal models as well as gene therapy in vivo of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). It has also been shown as a potential attempt for clinic by combining with other technologies such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we highlight the main points of further prospect of using CRISPR/Cas9 in targeting retinal degeneration. We also emphasize the potential applications of this technique in treating retinal degenerative diseases.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/4/14 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ying-Qian Peng,Luo-Sheng Tang,Shigeo Yoshida and Ye-Di Zhou]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ying-Qian Peng,Luo-Sheng Tang,Shigeo Yoshida and Ye-Di Zhou</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170423]]></guid><cfi:id>31</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Leber’s congenital amaurosis and the role of gene therapy in congenital retinal disorders]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170324]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Leber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) and recent gene therapy advancement for treating inherited retinopathies were extensive literature reviewed using MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE. Adeno-associated viral vectors were the most utilised vectors for ocular gene therapy. Cone photoreceptor cells might use an alternate pathway which was not reliant of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived retinoid isomerohydrolase (RPE65) to access the 11-cis retinal dehydechromophore. Research efforts dedicated on the progression of a gene-based therapy for the treatment of LCA2. Such gene therapy approaches were extremely successful in canine, porcine and rodent LCA2 models. The recombinant AAV2.hRPE65v2 adeno-associated vector contained the RPE65 cDNA and was replication deficient. Its in vitro injection in target cells induced RPE65 protein production. The gene therapy trials that were so far conducted for inherited retinopathies have generated promising results. Phase I clinical trials to cure LCA and choroideremia demonstrated that adeno-associated viral vectors containing RPE genes and photoreceptors respectively, could be successfully administered to inherited retinopathy patients. A phase III trial is presently ongoing and if successful, it will lead the way to additional gene therapy attempts to cure monogenic, inherited retinopathies.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/3/14 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Walid Sharif and Zuhair Sharif]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Walid Sharif and Zuhair Sharif</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170324]]></guid><cfi:id>30</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The omega-3 and retinopathy of prematurity relationship]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170219]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The aim of this article is to examine the effect of omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) intake on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by reviewing the experimental and clinical trials conducted on animal models and infants. LCPUFAs demonstrate cytoprotective and cytotherapeutic actions contributing to a number of anti-angiogenic and neuroprotective mechanisms within the retina. Their intake appears to have a beneficial effect on ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular signaling mechanisms, influencing retinal cell gene expression and cellular differentiation. ω-3 LCPUFAs may modulate metabolic processes that activate molecules implicated in the pathogenesis of vasoproliferative and neurodegenerative retinal diseases such as ROP.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/2/10 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Angelakis Malamas, Angeliki Chranioti, Christos Tsakalidis, Stavros A Dimitrakos and Asimina Mataftsi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Angelakis Malamas, Angeliki Chranioti, Christos Tsakalidis, Stavros A Dimitrakos and Asimina Mataftsi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170219]]></guid><cfi:id>29</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Ocular prosthesis incorporating IPS e-max press scleral veneer and a literature review on non-integrated ocular prosthesis]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170124]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The article highlights a new method for the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis by the incorporation of a ceramic scleral veneer. The steps of fabrication include impression making, wax try-in, performing a “cut-back” on a selected stock eye, insertion of the IPS e-max press scleral veneer, finishing and insertion. It also includes a detailed review on non-integrated ocular prostheses.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/1/4 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Godwin Clovis Da Costa, Meena Ajay Aras, Paul Chalakkal and Michelle Clovis Da Costa]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Godwin Clovis Da Costa, Meena Ajay Aras, Paul Chalakkal and Michelle Clovis Da Costa</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20170124]]></guid><cfi:id>28</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Diverse roles of macrophages in intraocular neovascular diseases: a review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171218]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Macrophages are involved in angiogenesis, and might also contribute to the pathogenesis of intraocular neovascular diseases. Recent studies indicated that macrophages exert different functions in the process of intraocular neovascularization, and the polarization of M1 and M2 phenotypes plays extremely essential roles in the diverse functions of macrophages. Moreover, a large number of cytokines released by macrophages not only participate in macrophage polarization, but also associate with retinal and choroidal neovascular diseases. Therefore, macrophage might be considered as a novel therapeutic target to the treatment of pathological neovascularization in the eye. This review mainly summarizes diverse roles of macrophages and discusses the possible mechanisms in retinal and choroidal neovascularization.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/12/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ye-Di Zhou, Shigeo Yoshida, Ying-Qian Peng, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Lu-Si Zhang and Luo-Sheng Tang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ye-Di Zhou, Shigeo Yoshida, Ying-Qian Peng, Yoshiyuki Kobayashi, Lu-Si Zhang and Luo-Sheng Tang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171218]]></guid><cfi:id>27</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Smartphones, tele-ophthalmology, and VISION 2020]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171219]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Telemedicine is an emerging field in recent medical achievements with rapid development. The “smartphone” availability has increased in both developed and developing countries even among people in rural and remotes areas. Tele-based services can be used for screening ophthalmic diseases and also monitoring patients with known diseases. Electronic ophthalmologic records of the patients including captured images by smartphones from anterior and posterior segments of the eye will be evaluated by ophthalmologists, and if patients require further evaluations, they will be referred to experts in the relevant field.  Eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity are the most common causes of blindness in many countries and beneficial use of teleophthalmology with smartphones will be a good way to achieve the aim of VISION 2020 all over the world. Numerous studies have shown that teleophthalmology is similar to the conventional eye care system in clinical outcomes and even provides more patient satisfaction as it saves time and cost. This review explains how teleophthalmology helps to improve patient outcomes through smartphones.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/12/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Mehrdad Mohammadpour, Zahra Heidari, Masoud Mirghorbani and Hassan Hashemi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Mehrdad Mohammadpour, Zahra Heidari, Masoud Mirghorbani and Hassan Hashemi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171219]]></guid><cfi:id>26</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in fundus imaging, a review and update]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171118]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) has been a promising technique in funds imaging with growing popularity. This review firstly gives a brief history of adaptive optics (AO) and AO-SLO. Then it compares AO-SLO with conventional imaging methods (fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomography) and other AO techniques (adaptive optics flood-illumination ophthalmoscopy and adaptive optics optical coherence tomography). Furthermore, an update of current research situation in AO-SLO is made based on different fundus structures as photoreceptors (cones and rods), fundus vessels, retinal pigment epithelium layer, retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and lamina cribrosa. Finally, this review indicates possible research directions of AO-SLO in future.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/11/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Bing Zhang, Ni Li, Jie Kang, Yi He and Xiao-Ming Chen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Bing Zhang, Ni Li, Jie Kang, Yi He and Xiao-Ming Chen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171118]]></guid><cfi:id>25</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Paediatric retinal detachment: a review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171018]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Paediatric retinal detachment (PRD) is an uncommon and challenging disease; it differs from adult detachments in etiology, anatomical characteristics, management and prognosis. PRDs can be particularly challenging, even for the most expert paediatric surgeons due to the higher prevalence of total retinal detachments, late diagnosis and bilateral involvement with respect to those which occur in adulthood. Moreover, the anatomical success, when achieved, is frequently not related to a functional recover. Postsurgical adverse events, refractive errors and amblyopia may additionally undermine the final outcome. Up to date there are few reviews regarding the approach of retinal detachment in children, mainly dealing with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In this review, rhegmatogenous, retinopathy of prematurity-related and Coats’-related PRDs were considered. The available literature from the last decades were reviewed and summarized. Epidemiology, etiology and clinical presentation, together with therapeutic approaches and outcomes have been reviewed and discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/9/30 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Raffaele Nuzzi, Carlo Lavia and Roberta Spinetta]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Raffaele Nuzzi, Carlo Lavia and Roberta Spinetta</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171018]]></guid><cfi:id>24</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The impact of combined oral contraceptives on ocular tissues: a review of ocular effects]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171019]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The aim of this manuscript is to review the action and adverse effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) on ocular tissues. The percentage of unwanted pregnancies and the subsequent abortions make contraception crucial worldwide. Over 100 million women around the world use common contraceptive methods, including intrauterine devices, combined estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives, as well as progestin only preparations (oral contraceptives, implants or injections). COCs are widely used for contraception, but they are also indicated in menorrhagia, endometriosis, acne and hirsutism, fibroid uterus and premenstrual syndrome. However, they have been associated with high rates of cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolic disease, ischemic strokes and breast cancer. The incidence of COCs-related ocular complications is estimated to be 1 in 230 000, including dry eye symptoms, corneal edema, lens opacities and retinal neuro-ophthalmologic or vascular complications. We may infer that the serious ocular complications of COCs can be prevented by eliminating the estrogen dosage and choosing third-generation progestins. In any case, doctors should take into consideration the systemic and ocular history of the patients before selecting any method of contraception.]]></description>
<pubDate>2017/9/30 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Marilita M. Moschos and Eirini Nitoda]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Marilita M. Moschos and Eirini Nitoda</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20171019]]></guid><cfi:id>23</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Research progress on the role of connective tissue growth factor in fibrosis of diabetic retinopathy]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180920]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most important types of diabetic microangiopathy, which is a specific change of fundus lesions and is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. When DR develops to proliferative DR, the main factors of decreasing vision, and even blindness, include retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage caused by contraction of blood vessels by fiber membrane. Recent studies reported that the formation of fiber vascular membrane is closely related to retinal fibrosis. The connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a cytokine that is closely related to DR fibrosis. However, its mechanism is poorly understood. This paper summarizes the recent studies about CTGF on DR fibrosis for a comprehensive understanding of the role and mechanism of CTGF in PDR.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/8/6 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Teng Ma, Li-Jie Dong, Xue-Li Du, Rui Niu and Bo-Jie Hu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Teng Ma, Li-Jie Dong, Xue-Li Du, Rui Niu and Bo-Jie Hu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180920]]></guid><cfi:id>22</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180921]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence is a general term that means to accomplish a task mainly by a computer, with the least human beings participation, and it is widely accepted as the invention of robots. With the development of this new technology, artificial intelligence has been one of the most influential information technology revolutions. We searched these English-language studies relative to ophthalmology published on PubMed and Springer databases. The application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology mainly concentrates on the diseases with a high incidence, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related or congenital cataract and few with retinal vein occlusion. According to the above studies, we conclude that the sensitivity of detection and accuracy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 91.7%, for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy ranged from 75% to 94.7%, for age-related macular degeneration it ranged from 75% to 100%, for retinopathy of prematurity ranged over 95%, for retinal vein occlusion just one study reported ranged over 97%, for glaucoma ranged 63.7% to 93.1%, and for cataract it achieved a more than 70% similarity against clinical grading.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/8/6 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xue-Li Du, Wen-Bo Li and Bo-Jie Hu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xue-Li Du, Wen-Bo Li and Bo-Jie Hu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180921]]></guid><cfi:id>21</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[A review of combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation: efficacy and safety]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180823]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[As cataract occurs frequently in patients with glaucoma, combining phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation has been gaining attention recently due to its minimally invasive nature. A variety of studies had evaluated the efficacy and safety of this procedure and had shown extremely promising results. This review article has shown here that combined phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation procedure could effectively reduce intraocular pressure in medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients while avoiding serious complications associated with traditional cyclophotocoagulation procedure and adverse effects related to filtering surgery such as trabeculectomy.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/8/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Wen Sun, Chen-Ying Yu and Jian-Ping Tong]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Wen Sun, Chen-Ying Yu and Jian-Ping Tong</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180823]]></guid><cfi:id>20</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Intraocular lens optic capture in pediatric cataract surgery]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180824]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) remains the most common complication of pediatric cataract surgery despite continuous efforts to reduce its incidence. For this reason, pediatric cataract surgeons have expended considerable effort into preventing and mitigating PCO. The intraocular lens (IOL) optic capture technique has been used for the prevention of PCO after pediatric cataract surgery for more than 20y, but there is still no professional consensus. However, recent research has shown encouraging results. The IOL optic capture technique can be performed without anterior vitrectomy to prevent PCO, even in younger children. The type and characteristics of IOLs used for optic capture technique, the location of IOL and the complications of IOL optic capture in children are here reviewed.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/8/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ying-Bin Xie, Mei-Yu Ren, Qi Wang and Li-Hua Wang]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ying-Bin Xie, Mei-Yu Ren, Qi Wang and Li-Hua Wang</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180824]]></guid><cfi:id>19</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Clinical application of accommodating intraocular lens]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180622]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The present review describes recent advances in application of accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs). Standard monofocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs) only correct distance vision, while AIOLs are designed to allow both good distance vision and near vision, which is achieved through the contraction and relaxation of ciliary muscles by providing transformation of the axial movement or curvature of the lens. Thus, AIOLs may be a better choice for those patients who demand a higher level of visual performance. Since techniques to analyze the performance of AIOLs have not been standardized, and there is a variety of both subjective and objective methods, it is hard to measure the performance of these intraocular lenses. By evaluating advantages and disadvantages of various AIOLs, and introducing techniques for measurement the performance postoperative, this paper can provide some relative information on choosing the type of AIOLs in the clinic.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/6/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[You-Ling Liang and Song-Bai Jia]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>You-Ling Liang and Song-Bai Jia</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180622]]></guid><cfi:id>18</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Nanotechnology in retinal drug delivery]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180623]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are the leading causes of blindness in adults over the age of 50 years in the US. While most of those conditions do not have a cure, currently available treatment options attempt to prevent further vision loss. For many ophthalmic drugs, an efficient delivery system to provide maximum therapeutic efficacy and promote patient compliance remains an unmet medical need. An exploration of literature via PubMed spanning from 2007 to 2017 was conducted to identify studies that have evaluated nanotechnology as platforms for delivering therapeutic agents to the posterior segment of the eye where the retina is located. Until now, four routes that have been utilized for retinal drug delivery are the intravitreal, periocular, subretinal, and systemic routes. Intravitreal injections are now widely used in clinical practice due to their ability to directly target the back of the eye but are highly invasive procedures that may cause several complications, particularly with repeated uses over a short timespan. Nanotechnology shows great promise to revolutionize retinal drug delivery, offering many advantages such as a targeted delivery system towards the specific site of the retina as well as sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. In this review, specific eye anatomy and constraints on ocular drug administration are illustrated. Further, we list and highlight several examples of nanosystems, such as hydrogels, liposomes, dendrimers, and micelles, used via different drug delivery routes to treat various retinal diseases.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/6/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Sibo Jiang, Yesenia L Franco, Yan Zhou and Jianjun Chen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Sibo Jiang, Yesenia L Franco, Yan Zhou and Jianjun Chen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180623]]></guid><cfi:id>17</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The measurement of time spent outdoors in child myopia research: a systematic review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180624]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The purpose of this article is to summarize the methods most commonly used to measure time spent outdoors and provide a comprehensive review of time and activity recording methods with the aim of encouraging the development of new methods. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched from Jan. 1st, 1990 to Aug. 31th, 2017. Studies including the following specific terms: “outdoor”, “outside”, “outdoor activity”, “outside activity”, “outdoor time”, “outside time”, and “outdoor AND measurement of time spent outdoors” were considered for this review. In total, three kinds of outdoor time measurements were discussed. Questionnaires have the longest history and are the most thoroughly revised instruments for assessing time spent outdoors, but recall bias is their most substantial drawback. Global positioning system (GPS) tracking can distinguish between indoor and outdoor locations, but its utility is limited due to several factors such as subject compatibility. Light exposure measurement devices are newly emerging, but all of these devices require good subject cooperation. Further efforts and exploration are needed to develop better methods and new tools to record exposure to the outdoors in real time. Moreover, inventing a new device by combining two or more types of devices mentioned above and using the latest technology of en ergy supplementation and autoswitching may make the best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages of each tool.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/6/12 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jing Wang, Xian-Gui He and Xun Xu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jing Wang, Xian-Gui He and Xun Xu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180624]]></guid><cfi:id>16</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The progress of prophylactic treatment in retinopathy of prematurity]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180524]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vascular disorder frequently found in premature infants. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed to treat ROP. However, there are still many children with ROP suffering by severe limitations in vision or even blindness. Recently, ROP has been suggested to be caused by abnormal development of the retinal vasculature, but not simply resulted by retinal neovascularization which takes about 4 to 6wk after birth in premature infants. Thus, instead of focusing on how to reduce retinal neovascularization, understanding the pathological changes and mechanisms that occur prior to retinal neovascularization is meaningful, which may lead to identify novel target(s) for the development of novel strategy to promote the healthy growth of retinal blood vessels rather than passively waiting for the appearance of retinal neovascularization and removing it by force. In this review, we discussed recent studies about, 1) the pathogenesis prior to retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR; a ROP in animal model) and in premature infants with ROP; 2) the preclinical and clinical research on preventive treatment of early OIR and ROP. We will not only highlight the importance of the mechanisms and signalling pathways in regulating early stage of ROP but also will provide guidance for actively exploring novel mechanisms and discovering novel treatments for early phase OIR and ROP prior to retinal neovascularization in the future.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/5/11 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hong-Bing Zhang, Xiao-Dong Wang, Kun Xu and Xiao-Gang Li]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hong-Bing Zhang, Xiao-Dong Wang, Kun Xu and Xiao-Gang Li</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180524]]></guid><cfi:id>15</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Optic disc and peripapillary changes by optic coherence tomography in high myopia]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180525]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Myopia, a worldwide condition, is a multifactorial disease resulting in many ocular complications. Early onset of myopia has a great tendency to develop high myopia and pathological myopia later in life. The pathophysiology and progression of myopia is still unclear. Owing to its involving in visual function, optic disc and peripapillary change in high myopia can’t be neglected, and it may help in better understanding of the pathophysiology or mechanism of myopia progression. Recently, advanced imaging techniques have been developed, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), allowing for better detecting of optic disc and peripapillary change. OCT is a high-resolution and noninvasive measurement for detection of ocular structure. Herein, we provide an updated review of optic disc and peripapillary change in OCT image, including its characteristics and clinical significance. We also propose some problems needed further investigation.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/5/11 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Ting Pan, Yun Su, Song-Tao Yuan, Hang-Cheng Lu, Zi-Zhong Hu and Qing-Huai Liu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Ting Pan, Yun Su, Song-Tao Yuan, Hang-Cheng Lu, Zi-Zhong Hu and Qing-Huai Liu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180525]]></guid><cfi:id>14</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal cross-linking for keratoconus]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180425]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a noninvasive therapeutic procedure for keratoconus that is aimed at improving corneal biomechanical properties by induction of covalent cross-links between stromal proteins. It is accomplished by ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation of the cornea, which is first saturated with photosensitizing riboflavin. It has been shown that standard epithelium-off CXL (S-CXL) is efficacious, and it has been recommended as the standard of care procedure for keratoconus. However, epithelial removal leads to pain, transient vision loss, and a higher risk of corneal infection. To avoid these disadvantages, transepithelial CXL was developed. Recently, iontophoresis has been adopted to increase riboflavin penetration through the epithelium. Several clinical observations have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on CXL (I-CXL) for keratoconus. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the published studies regarding I-CXL and a comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL. All articles used in this review were mainly retrieved from the PubMed database. Original articles and reviews were selected if they were related to the I-CXL technique or related to the comparison between I-CXL and S-CXL.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/4/10 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hong-Zhen Jia and Xiu-Jun Peng]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hong-Zhen Jia and Xiu-Jun Peng</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180425]]></guid><cfi:id>13</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Autophagy: a potential target for the treatment of intraocular neovascularization]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180426]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[The formation of neovascularization is a common pathological feature of many ocular vascular diseases, and is an important cause of vision loss in patients. Neovascularization can cause retinal hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, and other serious complications, leading to loss of vision. The treatment of intraocular neovascularization is the focus of ophthalmology research. In recent years, some studies have found that autophagy is closely related to vascular endothelial growth factor and the formation of neovascularization. Autophagy is expected to become a new target for the treatment of intraocular neovascularization. Therefore, this article reviews the research on autophagy and the formation of intraocular neovascularization.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/4/10 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xia-Ru Zhu and Jun-Hui Du]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xia-Ru Zhu and Jun-Hui Du</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180426]]></guid><cfi:id>12</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy in the anterior vitreous]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180323]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Endoscopy-assisted ocular surgery is a relatively old technique that is increasingly being recognized for its application in cases of vitreoretinal disease. This technique is especially useful when both the vitreous and retina are difficult to access because of media opacity, a small pupil, or a microcornea. In this context, the anterior vitreous is often difficult to dissect because of its complex pathological changes. This article reviews the common anatomical features and pathologies that are observed in the anterior vitreous, as well as the applications and indications of endoscopy-assisted vitrectomy in the anterior vitreous.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/3/13 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Yong-Zhen Yu, Yu-Ping Zou and Xiu-Lan Zou]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Yong-Zhen Yu, Yu-Ping Zou and Xiu-Lan Zou</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180323]]></guid><cfi:id>11</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[A systematic review of teleophthalmological studies in Europe]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180222]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[A systematic review of the recent literature regarding a series of ocular diseases involved in European telemedicine projects was performed based on the PubMed, Google Scholar and Springer databases in June 2017. Literature review returned 44 eligible studies; among them, emergency ophthalmology, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular disease, cataract and retinopathy of prematurity. The majority of studies indicate teleophthalmology as a valid, reliable and cost-efficient method for care-provision in ophthalmology patients which delivers comparable outcomes to the traditional examination methods.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/2/6 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Georgios Labiris, Eirini-Kanella Panagiotopoulou and Vassilios P. Kozobolis]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Georgios Labiris, Eirini-Kanella Panagiotopoulou and Vassilios P. Kozobolis</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180222]]></guid><cfi:id>10</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Genes and genetics in eye diseases: a genomic medicine approach for investigating hereditary and inflammatory ocular disorders]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180120]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Past 25y have witnessed an exponential increase in knowledge and understanding of ocular diseases and their respective genetic underpinnings. As a result, scientists have mapped many genes and their variants that can influence vision and health of our eyes. Based on these findings, it is becoming clear that an early diagnosis employing genetic testing can help evaluate patients’ conditions for instituting treatment plan(s) and follow-up care to avoid vision complications later. For example, knowing family history becomes crucial for inherited eye diseases as it can benefit members in family who may have similar eye diseases or predispositions. Therefore, gathering information from an elaborate examination along with complete assessment of past medical illness by ophthalmologists followed by consultation with geneticists can help create a roadmap for making diagnosis and treatment precise and beneficial. In this review, we present an update on ocular genomic medicine that we believe has tremendous potential towards unraveling genetic implications in ocular diseases and patients’ susceptibilities. We also discuss translational aspects of genetic ophthalmology and genome engineering that may help advance molecular diagnostics and therapeutics.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/1/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Mahavir Singh and Suresh C Tyagi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Mahavir Singh and Suresh C Tyagi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180120]]></guid><cfi:id>9</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[A feasibility study of using biodegradable magnesium alloy in glaucoma drainage device]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180121]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Technological advances in glaucoma have challenged the traditional treatment paradigm. Historically incisional surgery has been used in cases of advanced disease and/or uncontrolled intraocular pressures resistant to medical or laser interventions. More recently, perhaps due to advancements in imaging, surgery has been suggested to be beneficial earlier in the treatment paradigm. Despite these trends, surgical manipulation of the tissues and unpredictability of wound healing continue to result in surgical failure. Magnesium is an essential element for human body and plays a critically important role in maintaining the functional and structural integrity of several tissues, including the eye. Due to several of its advantageous properties such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, and high biological compatibility, magnesium alloy has attracted great attention as a novel biomaterial. Biodegradable cardiovascular stents made of magnesium alloy have already been introduced into clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to determine if bioabsorbable magnesium alloys can be utilized as a promising candidate for the development of a new generation of glaucoma surgical assistive devices.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/1/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Xiang-Ji Li, Lin Xie, Fu-Sheng Pan, Yong Wang, Hong Liu, Yu-Rong Tang and Cindy ML Hutnik]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Xiang-Ji Li, Lin Xie, Fu-Sheng Pan, Yong Wang, Hong Liu, Yu-Rong Tang and Cindy ML Hutnik</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180121]]></guid><cfi:id>8</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[The role of microglia in the progression of glaucomatous neurodegeneration- a review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180122]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Glaucoma is a serious leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) does not always stop glaucomatous neurodegeneration and the optic nerve may continue to be damaged in the normal IOP. Microglial activity has been recognized to play essential roles in pathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. The relationship between the neurodegeneration and the microglia cells in glaucoma is very complicated and still remains unclear. In the present review, we summarize the recent studies of mechanisms of microglia in glaucoma neurodegeneration, which might provide new ways to treat glaucoma.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/1/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Hui-Lan Zeng and Jing-Ming Shi]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Hui-Lan Zeng and Jing-Ming Shi</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180122]]></guid><cfi:id>7</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Application of stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelium in retinal degenerative diseases: present and future]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180123]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[As a constituent of blood-retinal barrier and retinal outer segment (ROS) scavenger, retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is fundamental to normal function of retina. Malfunctioning of RPE contributes to the onset and advance of retinal degenerative diseases. Up to date, RPE replacement therapy is the only possible method to completely reverse retinal degeneration. Transplantation of human RPE stem cell-derived RPE (hRPESC-RPE) has shown some good results in animal models. With promising results in terms of safety and visual improvement, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE (hESC-RPE) can be expected in clinical settings in the near future. Despite twists and turns, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE (iPSC-RPE) is now being intensely investigated to overcome genetic and epigenetic instability. By far, only one patient has received iPSC-RPE transplant, which is a hallmark of iPSC technology development. During follow-up, no major complications such as immunogenicity or tumorigenesis have been observed. Future trials should keep focusing on the safety of stem cell-derived RPE (SC-RPE) especially in long period, and better understanding of the nature of stem cell and the molecular events in the process to generate SC-RPE is necessary to the prosperity of SC-RPE clinical application.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/1/9 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Mingyue Luo and Youxin Chen]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Mingyue Luo and Youxin Chen</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20180123]]></guid><cfi:id>6</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Research progress about the effect and prevention of blue light on eyes]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181220]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[In recent years, people have become increasingly attentive to light pollution influences on their eyes. In the visible spectrum, short-wave blue light with wavelength between 415 nm and 455 nm is closely related to eye light damage. This high energy blue light passes through the cornea and lens to the retina causing diseases such as dry eye, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, even stimulating the brain, inhibiting melatonin secretion, and enhancing adrenocortical hormone production, which will destroy the hormonal balance and directly affect sleep quality. Therefore, the effect of Blu-rays on ocular is becoming an important concern for the future. We describe blue light’s effects on eye tissues, summarize the research on eye injury and its physical prevention and medical treatment.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/12/5 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Zhi-Chun Zhao, Ying Zhou, Gang Tan and Juan Li]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Zhi-Chun Zhao, Ying Zhou, Gang Tan and Juan Li</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181220]]></guid><cfi:id>5</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Induced pluripotent stem cells as a potential therapeutic source for corneal epithelial stem cells]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181221]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Corneal blindness caused by limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is one of the most common debilitating eye disorders. Thus far, the most effective treatment for LSCD is corneal transplantation, which is often hindered by the shortage of donors. Pluripotent stem cell technology including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened new avenues for treating this disease. iPSCs-derived corneal epithelial cells provide an autologous and unlimited source of cells for the treatment of LSCD. On the other hand, iPSCs of LSCD patients can be used for iPSCs-corneal disease model and new drug discovery. However, prior to clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of these cells in patients with LSCD should be proved. Here we focused on the current status of iPSCs-derived corneal epithelial cells used for cell therapy as well as for corneal disease modeling. The challenges and potential of iPSCs-derived corneal epithelial cells as a choice for clinical treatment in corneal disease were also discussed.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/12/5 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Jie Zhu, Mark Slevin, Bao-Qiang Guo and Shou-Rong Zhu]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Jie Zhu, Mark Slevin, Bao-Qiang Guo and Shou-Rong Zhu</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181221]]></guid><cfi:id>4</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Update on pathology of retinoblastoma]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181222]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Retinoblastoma is caused by mutational inactivation of both alleles of the RB1 gene, which maps to chromosome 13q14 and encodes retinoblastoma protein that acts as a tumor suppressor. Histopathological high-risk features of retinoblastoma are predictive of metastasis or local recurrence. The focus of this update is to emphasize the recent advances in pathology, various molecular key pathways and genome wide approaches for newer potential therapeutic future targets associated with retinoblastoma tumor biology. This review article highlights the new biomarkers expressed by the retinoblastoma tumor for the better survival of patients.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/12/5 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Lata Singh and Seema Kashyap]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Lata Singh and Seema Kashyap</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181222]]></guid><cfi:id>3</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[New insight into the role of the complement in the most common types of retinopathy-current literature review]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181119]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Pathological neovascularisation, which is a critical component of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), is a frequent cause of compromised vision or blindness. Researchers continuously investigate the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of retinopathy. Studies have confirmed the role of factors H and I in the development of AMD, and factors H and B in the development of DR. Other components, such as C2, C3, and C5, have also been considered. However, findings on the involvement of the complement system in the pathogenesis of ROP are still inconclusive. This paper presents a review of the current literature data, pointing to the novel results and achievements from research into the role of complement components in the development of retinopathy. There is still a need to continue research in new directions, and to gather more detailed information about this problem which will be useful in the treatment of these diseases.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/11/7 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[Martyna Chrzanowska, Anna Modrzejewska and Monika Modrzejewska]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>Martyna Chrzanowska, Anna Modrzejewska and Monika Modrzejewska</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181119]]></guid><cfi:id>2</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
<item>
<title xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="text"><![CDATA[Association between endoplasmic reticulum stress and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy]]></title>
<link><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181020]]></link>
<description xmlns:cf="http://www.microsoft.com/schemas/rss/core/2005" cf:type="html"><![CDATA[Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and challenging ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. As a chronic, progressive ocular disease that poses a serious threat to vision, DR has gradually become a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Emerging evidence points to an important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in not only maintaining the steady-state equilibrium in the body, but also in intracellular synthesis, protein folding, and other essential functions. Recent studies have demonstrated clear associations between ER stress-related physiological functions and the pathogenesis of DR. When cells are stimulated by external stimuli, UPR pathway is activated firstly to protect it. However, long-term harmful factors can induce ER stress. which interferes with the physiological metabolism of retinal cells and participates in the occurrence of DR via the ATF6 pathway, PERK pathway and IRE1 pathway. At present, ER stress blocker is expected to become a new anti-DR therapy. Thus, understanding the relationship between ER stress and DR will help to develop new effective preventative treatments. In this review, we summarize the risk factors of DR pathogenesis induced by ER stress toward revealing potentially new therapeutic targets.]]></description>
<pubDate>2018/9/4 0:00:00</pubDate>
<category><![CDATA[Review]]></category>
<author><![CDATA[De-Qian Kong, Li Li, Yue Liu and Guang-Ying Zheng]]></author>
<atom:author xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<atom:name>De-Qian Kong, Li Li, Yue Liu and Guang-Ying Zheng</atom:name>
</atom:author>
<guid><![CDATA[http://www.ijo.cn/gjyken/article/abstract/20181020]]></guid><cfi:id>1</cfi:id><cfi:read>true</cfi:read></item>
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