Research on classification method of high myopic maculopathy based on retinal fundus images and optimized ALFA-Mix active learning algorithm
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Wei-Hua Yang and Shao-Chong Zhang. Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518048, Guangdong Province, China. benben0606@139.com; zhangshaochong@gzzoc.com

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Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61906066); the Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project (No.21NDJC021Z); Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties (No.SZGSP014); Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (No.SZSM202011015); Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project (No.KCXFZ20211020163813019); the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City (No.202003N4072); the Postgraduate Research and Innovation Project of Huzhou University (No.2023KYCX52).

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    Abstract:

    AIM: To conduct a classification study of high myopic maculopathy (HMM) using limited datasets, including tessellated fundus, diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, patchy chorioretinal atrophy, and macular atrophy, and minimize annotation costs, and to optimize the ALFA-Mix active learning algorithm and apply it to HMM classification. METHODS: The optimized ALFA-Mix algorithm (ALFA-Mix+) was compared with five algorithms, including ALFA-Mix. Four models, including ResNet18, were established. Each algorithm was combined with four models for experiments on the HMM dataset. Each experiment consisted of 20 active learning rounds, with 100 images selected per round. The algorithm was evaluated by comparing the number of rounds in which ALFA-Mix+ outperformed other algorithms. Finally, this study employed six models, including EfficientFormer, to classify HMM. The best-performing model among these models was selected as the baseline model and combined with the ALFA-Mix+ algorithm to achieve satisfactory classification results with a small dataset. RESULTS: ALFA-Mix+ outperforms other algorithms with an average superiority of 16.6, 14.75, 16.8, and 16.7 rounds in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa value, respectively. This study conducted experiments on classifying HMM using several advanced deep learning models with a complete training set of 4252 images. The EfficientFormer achieved the best results with an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa value of 0.8821, 0.8334, 0.9693, and 0.8339, respectively. Therefore, by combining ALFA-Mix+ with EfficientFormer, this study achieved results with an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa value of 0.8964, 0.8643, 0.9721, and 0.8537, respectively. CONCLUSION: The ALFA-Mix+ algorithm reduces the required samples without compromising accuracy. Compared to other algorithms, ALFA-Mix+ outperforms in more rounds of experiments. It effectively selects valuable samples compared to other algorithms. In HMM classification, combining ALFA-Mix+ with EfficientFormer enhances model performance, further demonstrating the effectiveness of ALFA-Mix+.

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Shao-Jun Zhu, Hao-Dong Zhan, Mao-Nian Wu, et al. Research on classification method of high myopic maculopathy based on retinal fundus images and optimized ALFA-Mix active learning algorithm. Int J Ophthalmol, 2023,16(7):995-1004

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Publication History
  • Received:April 17,2023
  • Revised:May 16,2023
  • Adopted:
  • Online: June 27,2023
  • Published: