Lag time, high-risk histopathological features, metastasis, and survival interrelation in retinoblastoma: a perspective from lower-middle income country
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Datu Respatika. Division of Reconstruction Oculoplasty and Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. datu.respatika@ugm.ac.id

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Supported in part by funding from the the Teuku Jacobs Foundation Research Fellowship Program (No.#312).

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    Abstract:

    AIM: To investigate the impact of lag time to metastasis and survival rates among patients with retinoblastoma. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted with 52 patients from the Department of Ophthalmology and the Department of Pediatrics of Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2020. Lag time was defined as the time delay between the first sign of retinoblastoma to the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. The subjects with lag time > one year were included in the case group, while the subjects with lag time < one year were included in the control group. RESULTS: The lag time was significantly correlated with American Joint Committee on Cancer and Intraocular Classification of Retinoblastoma staging of retinoblastoma (P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). The lag time was also significantly correlated with both metastasis event [odds ratio (OR): 5.06, 95%Cl: 1.56-16.44, P=0.006] and mortality (OR: 4.54, 95%Cl: 1.37-15.07, P=0.011). The follow-up was continued for 32 subjects for 3y after initial diagnoses. Survival analysis revealed a significant difference among these two groups (P=0.021). Furthermore, lag time was significantly correlated with survival of retinoblastoma (r=-0.53, P=0.046). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of lag time between the onset of first symptoms and the time of retinoblastoma diagnosis which significantly contribute to metastasis and mortality of patients with retinoblastoma. Examinations for the early detection of retinoblastoma should be performed for individuals at-risk to minimize lag time and improve the outcomes.

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Purjanto Tepo Utomo, Datu Respatika, Bambang Ardianto, et al. Lag time, high-risk histopathological features, metastasis, and survival interrelation in retinoblastoma: a perspective from lower-middle income country. Int J Ophthalmol, 2022,15(12):1994-2000

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Publication History
  • Received:May 19,2022
  • Revised:August 12,2022
  • Adopted:
  • Online: November 22,2022
  • Published: