Abstract:AIM: To identify instrument holding archetypes used by experienced surgeons in order to develop a universal language and set of validated techniques that can be utilized in manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) curricula. METHODS: Experienced cataract surgeons performed five MSICS steps (scleral incision, scleral tunnel, side port, corneal tunnel, and capsulorhexis) in a wet lab to record surgeon hand positions. Images and videos were taken during each step to identify validated hand position archetypes. RESULTS: For each MSICS step, one or two major archetypes and key modifying variables were observed, including tripod for scleral incision, tripod-thumb bottom for scleral tunnel, underhand-index to thumb grip for side port, index-contact tripod for corneal entry, and tripod-forceps for capsulorhexis. Key differences were noted in thumb placement and number of fingers supporting the instrument, and modifying variables included index finger curvature and amount of flexion. CONCLUSION: Identification of optimal hand positions and development of a formal nomenclature has the potential to help trainees adopt hand positions in an informed manner, influence instrument design, and improve surgical outcomes.
