The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population
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Indra Tri Mahayana. Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. indra.tri.m@mail.ugm.ac.id; tri.mahayana@

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Supported by Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

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    Abstract:

    Uncorrected refractive error (URE) is a major health problem among school children. This study was aimed to determine the frequency and patterns of URE across 4 gradients of residential densities (urban, exurban, suburban and rural). This was a cross-sectional study of school children from 3 districts in Yogyakarta and 1 district near Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The information regarding age, sex, school and school grader were recorded. The Snellen’s chart was used to measure the visual acuity and to perform the subjective refraction. The district was then divided into urban, suburban, exurban and rural area based on their location and population. In total, 410 school children were included in the analyses (urban=79, exurban=73, suburban=160 and rural=98 school children). Urban school children revealed the worst visual acuity (P<0.001) and it was significant when compared with exurban and rural. The proportion of URE among urban, suburban, exurban and rural area were 10.1%, 12.3%, 3.8%, and 1%, respectively, and it was significant when compared to the proportion of ametropia and corrected refractive error across residential densities (P=0.003). The risk of URE development in urban, suburban, exurban, and rural were 2.218 (95%CI: 0.914-5.385), 3.019 (95%CI: 1.266-7.197), 0.502 (95%CI: 0.195-1.293), and 0.130 (95%CI:0.017-0.972), respectively. Urban school children showed the worst visual acuity. The school children in urban and suburban residential area had 2 and 3 times higher risk of developing the URE.

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Indra Tri Mahayana, Sagung Gede Indrawati, Suhardjo Pawiroranu. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in urban, suburban, exurban and rural primary school children in Indonesian population. Int J Ophthalmol, 2017,10(11):1771-1776

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Publication History
  • Received:June 17,2016
  • Revised:February 06,2017
  • Adopted:
  • Online: November 07,2017
  • Published: