Abstract:Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major factor contributing to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. However, the complete mechanisms underlying glaucomatous damage remain incompletely understood. In recent years, the emergence of new technologies such as ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography angiography(UWF-OCTA)and retinal oximetry has provided increasing evidence that retinal vascular and hemodynamic factors are closely associated with the pathogenesis of glaucoma. UWF-OCTA primarily detects the movement trajectory of red blood cells in retinal vessels, enabling rapid scanning and reconstruction of the retinal microvascular network, which can be quantified to assess changes in retinal blood perfusion and vascular morphology. Retinal oximetry, utilizing multispectral imaging(MSI)and laser speckle flowgraphy(LSFG), allows non-invasive measurement of parameters such as retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation, directly reflecting tissue metabolic demand and blood oxygen delivery efficiency. The multimodal complementary approach provides valuable insights for investigating the correlation between retinal and choroidal vascular and hemodynamic factors and glaucomatous damage. This review aims to summarize the basic principles of UWF-OCTA and retinal oximetry, as well as their current advancements in glaucoma research.
