[关键词]
[摘要]
葡萄膜黑色素瘤(UM)是一种罕见但极具侵袭性的眼内恶性肿瘤，虽仅占所有黑色素瘤病例的5%以下，却是成人最常见的原发性眼内恶性肿瘤。近年来，分子靶向治疗与免疫调控策略的研究不断推进，为UM临床管理提供了新的思路。文章就UM的发病机制、分子标志物及主要治疗进展进行了系统综述，重点分析了靶向信号通路抑制剂、免疫检查点抑制剂以及联合治疗模式的研究成果与临床应用前景。同时，文章讨论了个体化治疗的潜在价值及现有治疗方法的局限性。综合现有证据指出，多学科联合干预和精准分子诊疗可显著改善UM患者的预后，为未来临床研究与治疗策略优化提供参考。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Uveal melanoma(UM)is a rare but highly aggressive intraocular malignancy. Although it accounts for less than 5% of all melanoma cases, UM is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. In recent years, advances in molecular targeted therapies and immunomodulatory strategies have provided new opportunities for the clinical management of UM. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, molecular biomarkers, and major therapeutic advances in UM, with particular emphasis on analyzing the research achievements and clinical application prospects of signaling pathway-targeted inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and combination treatment strategies. The potential value of individualized treatment and the limitations of current therapeutic approaches are also discussed. Current evidence suggest that multidisciplinary intervention and precision molecular diagnosis and treatment may significantly improve the prognosis of patients with UM, providing references for future clinical research and the optimization of therapeutic strategies.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
江西省卫生健康委科研项目(No.202610484); 江西省中医药管理局科技计划项目(No.2024B0275); 中华医学会医学教育分会和全国医学教育发展中心2025年医学教育研究立项课题(No.2025B180)
