[关键词]
[摘要]
角膜透明性的维持依赖无血管状态、规则排列的基质胶原以及受控的炎症修复反应。CD34+细胞不是具有单一功能的细胞群，而是包括角膜驻留型间充质干细胞样细胞、外周血募集型内皮祖细胞和纤维细胞等亚群。不同亚群在来源、表型、组织定位和病理效应上存在明显差异：驻留型细胞偏向维持角膜缘干细胞微环境和基质稳态，募集型EPCs和纤维细胞则可在缺氧、炎症或TGF-β信号驱动下参与角膜新生血管形成和瘢痕化。文章围绕CD34+细胞异质性，综述其生物学特征、角膜组织分布及VEGF/VEGFR-2、SDF-1/CXCR4、NF-κB和TGF-β/Smad等关键通路，并综合分析其在感染性角膜炎、角膜缘干细胞缺乏症、圆锥角膜及创伤后纤维化中的作用。文章进一步讨论相关研究结论的争议、临床治疗证据及转化限制，提出未来策略应从“非选择性调控CD34”转向“保护驻留型修复亚群、抑制募集型促血管化和促纤维化亚群”的时空精准干预。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Corneal transparency depends on an avascular microenvironment, regularly organized stromal collagen, and regulated inflammatory repair response.CD34+ cells should not be regarded as a single functional population; rather, they comprise cornea-resident mesenchymal stem cell-like cells, peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs), and fibrocytes with distinct origins, phenotypes, and pathological effects. Resident CD34+ cells are mainly associated with limbal stem cell niche maintenance and stromal homeostasis, whereas recruited EPCs and fibrocytes may contribute to corneal neovascularization and scarring under hypoxic, inflammatory, or TGF-β-driven conditions. This review summarizes the biological characteristics, corneal distribution, and key signaling pathways of CD34+ cells, including VEGF/VEGFR-2, SDF-1/CXCR4, NF-κB, and TGF-β/Smad signaling. And further discuss their roles in infectious keratitis, limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus, and post-traumatic corneal fibrosis. By integrating controversial findings with clinical evidence and translational limitations, this review suggests that future CD34-related therapies should shift from non-selective CD34 modulation toward spatiotemporally precise strategies that preserve resident reparative subpopulations while inhibiting recruited proangiogenic and profibrotic cells.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
广西自然科学基金项目(No.2025GXNSFAA069203)
