目的：探讨不同近视程度人群的眼部参数差异，分析豹纹状眼底(FT)程度与眼部生物参数及眼底病变的相关性，评估周边视网膜病变与FT在近视眼底病变风险评估中的临床价值以及超广角眼底成像(UWFI)在近视眼底病变风险评估中的临床价值。

方法：横断面研究。回顾性收集2022年6月至2025年6月于柳州市红十字会医院眼科就诊的屈光不正患者，根据等效球镜(SE)不同分为四组：正视和轻度近视组(-3.0 D结果：本研究共纳入患者197例197眼，其中男88例，女109例，年龄36.00(27.00，47.00)岁。正视和轻度近视组25眼，年龄36.00(23.00，47.00)岁，男13例，女12例。中度近视组38眼，年龄30.00(23.00，37.00)岁，男18例，女20例。高度近视组94眼，年龄36.00(23.00，47.00)岁，男40例，女54例。超高度近视组40眼，年龄42.50(27.25，52.75)岁，男17例，女23例。AL随近视程度加深而增加，SE随近视程度加深而降低，组间差异显著(均P<0.001)。FT程度随近视程度加深而加重(H=68.057，P<0.001)。FT与AL呈正相关(r_s=0.669，P<0.001)，与SE呈负相关(r_s=-0.628，P<0.001)。多因素分析显示，含AL模型中AL、年龄、性别、格子样变性(LD)及近视黄斑病变(MM)是FT的影响因素(均P<0.05)； 含SE模型中SE、年龄、性别、周边视网膜色素改变、LD及MM是FT的影响因素(均P<0.05)。

结论：FT程度随近视程度加深而加重，可作为反映AL伸长和近视进展的简便指标，与周边视网膜病变共同在近视眼底病变风险评估中具有重要临床价值。

METHODS: Patients with ametropia who were admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou Red Cross Hospital from June 2022 to June 2025 were retrospectively collected.The participants were divided into four groups according to different spherical equivalent(SE): emmetropia and mild myopia group(-3.0 DRESULTS:A total of 197 patients(197 eyes)were enrolled, including 88 males and 109 females, with a median age of 36.00(27.00, 47.00)y. Totally 25 eyes(13 males and 12 females)were in emmetropia and mild myopia group with a median age of 36.00(23.00, 47.00)y; 38 eyes(18 males and 20 females)were in moderate myopia group with a median age of 30.00(23.00, 37.00)y; 94 eyes were in high myopia group(40 males and 54 females)with a median age of 36.00(23.00, 47.00)y; 40 eyes werein ultra-high myopia group(17 males and 23 females), with a median age of 42.50(27.25, 52.75)years. AL increased and SE decreased progressively with myopia severity, with significant differences among all groups(all PSymbol|@@0.001). The severity of FT also increased progressively with myopia severity(H=68.057, PSymbol|@@0.001). FT was positively correlated with AL(rs=0.669, PSymbol|@@0.001)and negatively correlated with SE(rs=-0.628, PSymbol|@@0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that AL, age, gender, lattice degeneration(LD)and myopic macular degeneration(MM)in the AL-containing model were the influencing factors of FT(all P<0.05). In the SE-containing model, SE, age, gender, peripheral retinal pigmentary changes, LD and MM were the influencing factors of FT(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: FT severity is positively correlated with the degree of myopia and can serve as a simple indicator reflecting AL elongation and myopia progression. Together with peripheral retinal lesions, it has important clinical value in the risk assessment of myopic fundus lesions.