目的：评估摩洛哥南部小学生近视患病率及其相关行为影响因素。

方法：开展一项基于学校的横断面研究，纳入598名7-13岁学生(女生49.00%，男生51.00%； 平均年龄 10.07±1.81岁)。采用散瞳验光检测屈光状态，等效球镜度(SE)≤-0.50 D为近视。通过结构化问卷收集课后屏幕使用时长、近距离用眼距离、户外活动时间及近视家族史等行为变量。采用Pearson相关系数分析等效球镜度与各行为变量之间的关联。采用卡方检验分析分类变量间的关联性。

结果：近视患病率为12.21%。等效球镜度与屏幕使用时间(r=-0.333，P<0.01)、近距离工作视物距离(r=0.369，P<0.01)及户外活动时间(r=0.129，P<0.01)显著相关。近视家族史与近视存在显著关联(χ2=15.32，P<0.001)。近视患病率随年级升高而上升，但男女学生近视率无显著差异。

结论：可干预的行为因素与学龄儿童近视显著相关。养成良好用眼习惯(增加户外活动时间、保持合适用眼距离、减少长时间近距离用眼)有助于预防近视发生、延缓近视进展。本研究结果支持在校园环境中采取公共卫生干预措施，推广视力保健。

METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study of 598 students ages 7-13 y(49.00% girls, 51.00% boys; mean age 10.07±1.81 y). Refractive status was assessed using cycloplegic autorefraction, and myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent(SE)≤-0.50 diopters. Behavioral variables, including after-school screen time, near-work viewing distance, outdoor activity, and family history of myopia, were collected through structured questionnaires. Associations between SE and behavioral variables were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Categorical associations were assessed using the Chi-square test.

RESULTS: The prevalence of myopia was 12.21%. SE was significantly correlated with screen time(r=-0.333, P<0.01), near-work viewing distance(r=0.369, P<0.01), and outdoor activity(r=0.129, P<0.01). Family history of myopia was significantly associated with myopia(χ2=15.32, P<0.001). Prevalence of myopia increased with higher school grade, but there was no significant difference between boys and girls.

CONCLUSION:Modifiable behavioral factors are significantly associated with myopia among schoolchildren. Healthier visual habits(such as increasing outdoor time, establishing appropriate viewing distance, and minimizing prolonged near work)can help prevent the onset of and delay the progression of myopia. The results support the use of public health approaches designed to promote visual hygiene in school settings.