Retinoschisis in high myopia is one of the important complications leading to visual impairment and blindness. Its occurrence is closely related to factors such as axial extension, diopter increase, and vitreous-retinal interface traction, but the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Due to the concealment of early lesions and the complexity of the progression process, it brings challenges to early clinical diagnosis and precise management. With the iterative upgrading of high-resolution fundus imaging technology, the accurate identification of characteristic optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging of retinoschisis in high myopia has become an important basis for early diagnosis, staging, and treatment of the disease. This article focuses on the OCT imaging features of myopic retinoschisis, focusing on its epidemiology and risk factors, and the progress of characteristic OCT imaging in disease staging, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation. At the same time, it further reviews the research status and development prospects of the combination of artificial intelligence and OCT in the automatic identification, disease evaluation, and progression prediction of myopic retinoschisis, so as to provide theoretical support and clinical reference for the early diagnosis, standardized staging, and accurate diagnosis and treatment of myopic retinoschisis.

内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(No.2023MS08006)