[关键词]
[摘要]
超声乳化白内障摘除手术是当前主流、高效且安全的白内障术式，技术迭代持续提升普通患者手术安全底线，但高度近视患者眼球解剖结构存在先天异常，常规超声乳化手术模式与之存在根本性适配冲突，围手术期眼前后段并发症风险显著升高，是临床白内障手术亟待攻克的难点。文章聚焦高度近视患者特殊眼球条件，系统梳理超声乳化术对合并高度近视的白内障患者眼前段和眼后段组织的差异化损伤效应与病理影响，跳出常规通用白内障诊疗论述框架，针对性梳理特殊人群专属临床诊疗依据，为合并高度近视的白内障患者围手术期风险防控提供精细化参考思路。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Phacoemulsification represents the mainstream, efficient, and safe surgical modality for cataract treatment, and continuous technological advances have further improved the safety profile of this procedure in ordinary patients. However, patients with high myopia feature inherent anatomical abnormalities of the eyeball, leading to a fundamental incompatibility with conventional phacoemulsification protocols. Such patients face a markedly elevated risk of both anterior and posterior segment perioperative complications, posing a persistent clinical challenge in cataract surgery. Focusing on the unique ocular anatomical characteristics associated with high myopia, this review systematically summarizes the distinct traumatic effects and pathological impacts of phacoemulsification on the anterior and posterior ocular segments of affected patients. Moving beyond generalized discussions of routine cataract management, it consolidates clinical evidence specific to this special-population patients, aiming to provide refined references for perioperative risk prevention and control in cataract patients complicated with high myopia.
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[基金项目]
辽宁省科学技术计划项目(No. 2025-MS-364); 湘江公益基金会技术创新与应用发展专项项目(No. KY24003); 爱尔眼科医院集团科研基金项目(No.AGK2502D12); 爱尔眼科医院集团辽宁省区研究所科研基金项目(No.LNI2025X09)
