[关键词]
[摘要]
视网膜星形胶质细胞在调控神经元功能、维持视网膜稳态、应对病理应激等方面发挥着关键作用。文章聚焦于近年来关于星形胶质细胞异质性(包括空间分布和功能状态)的研究进展，并系统探讨了其在病理过程中发挥的双重作用。研究表明，在青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性等退行性病变早期，星形胶质细胞通过支持神经元代谢，调控炎症反应，减轻氧化应激等作用机制发挥保护作用。然而长期的微环境稳态失衡，会诱使星形胶质细胞转变为促炎的反应型。深入了解其相关的病理生理过程及分子机制，可为视网膜退行性病变的治疗提供重要理论依据和研究方向。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Retinal astrocytes play pivotal roles in regulating neuronal function, maintaining retinal homeostasis, and responding to pathological stress. This review focuses on recent advances in astrocyte heterogeneity, including its spatial distribution and functional states, and discusses the dual roles of pathological processes. Evidence indicates that, during the early stages of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and other degenerative retinal disorders, astrocytes exert neuroprotective effects by supporting neuronal metabolism, modulating inflammatory responses, and alleviating oxidative stress. However, persistent disruption of the retinal microenvironment can drive astrocytes toward a pro-inflammatory reactive phenotype. A clearer understanding of these pathophysiological processes and molecular mechanisms may provide a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic direction for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No. 82571243)
