目的：分析中国西北地区某三级医院中行手术治疗的儿童角膜疾病的疾病构成及其手术方式。

方法：本回顾性研究对2018年1月1日至2022年12月30日期间就诊于西安第一医院角膜病科接受相关手术治疗的儿童患者的临床资料进行了归纳总结，同时对其性别、年龄、疾病分型、手术方式及居住地等进行了分析。

结果：本研究共纳入139例(139眼，年龄≤14岁)的儿童角膜疾病患者，其中男性67例(48.2%)，女性72例(51.8%)。后天非创伤性角膜疾病占比最高(67例，48.2%)，主要病因为感染性角膜疾病(41例，29.5%)； 先天性角膜疾病52例(37.4%)； 后天创伤性角膜疾病20例(14.4%)，其中男性11例，女性9例。按居住地分类，102例(73.4%)患者来自陕西省，26例(18.7%)来自甘肃省，8例(5.8%)来自青海省，3例(2.1%)宁夏回族自治区，但无患者来自新疆维吾尔自治区。按手术方式分类，65例患者行穿透性角膜移植术(PKP)，34例行板层角膜移植术(LKP)，31例行羊膜移植术(AMT)，另有9例接受了其他手术方式，其占比分别为：46.8%、24.4%、22.3%、6.5%，总角膜移植率为71.2%。

结论：感染性角膜疾病、角膜皮样瘤及角膜外伤是住院手术治疗的儿童角膜疾病的主要病因。角膜移植手术是治疗儿童角膜疾病的重要干预手段，也是儿童角膜盲的有效治疗方法。

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients treated at the Corneal Disease Department of Xi'an No.1 Hospital and underwent related surgical treatments between January 1, 2018 and December 30, 2022 was conducted. The gender, age, disease classification, surgical method, and residence were analyzed.

RESULTS: This study included 139 children(139 eyes, aged ≤14 y)with corneal diseases, comprising 67 males(48.2%)and 72 females(51.8%). Acquired non-traumatic corneal diseases constituted the largest proportion(67 cases, 48.2%), primarily due to infectious corneal diseases(41 patients, 29.5%). Congenital corneal diseases accounted for 52 cases(37.4%). There were 20 cases with acquired-traumatic corneal dieases(14.4%), involving 11 male and 9 female patients. Geographically, 102(73.4%)patients resided in Shaanxi Province, 26(18.7%)in Gansu Province, 8(5.8%)in Qinghai Province, and 3(2.1%)in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. No patients were from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Regarding primary surgical intervention, 65 patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty(PKP), 34 underwent lamellar keratoplasty(LKP), 31 underwent amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT), and 9 underwent other surgical procedures. The corresponding proportions of these primary surgeries were 46.8%, 24.4%, 22.3%, and 6.5%. The overall corneal transplantation rate was 71.2%.

CONCLUSION: Infectious corneal diseases, corneal dermoids, and corneal trauma constitute the primary etiologies of pediatric corneal diseases treated with surgery in the hospital. Corneal transplantation surgery constitutes a cornerstone intervention for addressing these diseases and represents an effective therapeutic approach for pediatric corneal blindness.