[关键词]
[摘要]
眼表炎症是干眼、过敏性结膜炎及感染性角膜炎等常见疾病的核心病理过程，其发生发展与细胞内多条信号通路的异常激活密切相关。文章系统阐述了核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、Janus激酶-信号转导和转录激活因子(JAK/STAT)和NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体这四条核心信号通路在眼表炎症中的关键作用：NF-κB作为“主开关”驱动促炎因子表达； MAPK作为核心信号枢纽，可感知多样化应激刺激并级联放大炎症反应； JAK/STAT通过介导细胞因子信号转导调控免疫细胞分化； 而NLRP3可感知危险信号，进而推动白介素-1β(IL-1β)等炎症因子的成熟。这些通路并非孤立运作，而是通过磷酸化修饰、转录因子复合体形成等机制构成一个高度互联的调控网络，导致单一靶向治疗常因旁路激活而疗效有限。因此，在未来的眼表炎症治疗中，应当注重采用多靶点联合干预及个性化精准治疗手段，旨在为临床实践提供更加持久且高效的解决方案。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Ocular surface inflammation constitutes a core pathological mechanism underlying prevalent ocular disorders, including dry eye disease, allergic conjunctivitis, and infectious keratitis. Its pathogenesis is intimately linked to the dysregulated activation of multiple intracellular signaling cascades. This review systematically delineates the pivotal functions of four core signaling pathways—nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK/STAT), and the NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome—in the ocular surface inflammation. Specifically, NF-κB functions as a master regulator driving the expression of pro-inflammatory factors; MAPK acts as a central signaling hub that integrates diverse stress stimuli and potentiates inflammatory amplification; JAK/STAT mediates cytokine-driven signal transduction and modulates immune cell differentiation; and NLRP3 senses danger signals and thereby promotes the maturation of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β). Notably, these pathways do not function independently but constitute a highly interconnected regulatory network via phosphorylation, and the assembly of transcription factor complexes, which results in limited efficacy of single-targeted therapies due to the reactivation of bypass pathways. Therefore, future treatment for ocular surface inflammation is expected to prioritize multi-target synergistic strategies and personalized precision medicine, thereby enabling more sustained and effective therapeutic options for clinical practice.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(No.82560960); 甘肃省中医药科研课题(No.GZKG-2023-14); 兰州市科技计划项目(No.2024-9-09); 甘肃中医药大学研究生创新创业项目(No.2026CXCY-277)
