[关键词]
[摘要]
高海拔视网膜病变(HAR)是暴露于高海拔环境后发生的一种视网膜血管性疾病。近年来，随着高原旅游、登山及特殊职业活动的增加，HAR的发病率呈上升趋势，尤其在快速进入高海拔或短期暴露人群中更为常见。多数HAR为自限性改变，随着海拔下降可逐渐恢复，但若未能及时识别和干预，严重病例仍可能遗留永久性视功能损害。文章围绕HAR流行病学特征、诊断技术进展、发病机制及防治策略进行系统综述，重点阐述低氧相关分子通路在视网膜损伤中的作用，并分析当前临床干预措施的证据基础。通过加深对其病理机制和临床管理策略的认识，有助于实现高海拔暴露人群的早期识别、精准干预与眼健康保障。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
High-altitude retinopathy(HAR)is a retinal vascular disorder induced by exposure to high-altitude environments. With the increasing popularity of high-altitude travel, mountaineering, and special occupational activities, worldwide, the incidence of HAR has risen, particularly among individuals with rapid or short-term exposure to elevated altitudes. Most cases of HAR are self-limiting and gradually resolve with descent to lower altitudes. However, severe cases may result in permanent visual function impairment if not recognized and managed promptly. This review systematically summarizes the epidemiology, diagnostic progress, pathogenesis, and prevention and treatment strategies of HAR, with particular emphasis on hypoxia-associated molecular pathways involved in retinal damage, and evaluates current evidence for clinical interventions. Deepened understanding of its pathological mechanisms and clinical management strategies facilitates early identification, targeted intervention, and ocular health protection for populations exposed to high altitudes.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
陕西省卫生健康适宜技术推广项目(No.2025-45); 军队高层次科技创新人才工程自主研究项目(No. 2023RCZZ009); 国防生物科技优秀青年人才基金(No. 02-SWKJYCJJ12)
