目的：分析高度近视(HM)患者中年龄、眼轴(AL)及等效球镜(SE)与视盘形态学特征的相关性。

方法：对HM患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究，并根据年龄、AL及SE对患者进行了分组。按照年龄分组为：年龄Age1组(<20岁)、Age2组(20-29岁)和Age3组(≥30岁)。按照SE分组为：SE1组(-9 D≤SE<-6 D)、SE2组(-12 D≤SE<-9 D)和SE3(SE<-12 D)。按照AL分组为：AL1组(<26 mm)、AL2组(26 mm≤AL<27 mm)、AL3组(27 mm≤AL<28 mm)和AL4组(AL≥28 mm)。探讨不同年龄、AL、SE对视盘形态学参数的影响及其相关性。

结果：本研究共分析了188例HM患者的188只右眼(男65例，女123例)，平均年龄为25.00±6.44岁。不同年龄组别患者视盘形态学相关参数变化小，差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。视盘倾斜指数和视盘旋转角度与年龄、AL及SE均无相关性。然而，视盘-中心凹距离(DFD)、α角、视盘最大直径(LD)、视盘最小直径(SD)及视盘面积与AL及SE均呈显著相关(DFD： r=0.195， 0.221； α角： r=-0.242， -0.266； LD： r=0.319， 0.295； SD： r=0.274， 0.225； 视盘面积： 0.310， 0.265； all P<0.01)，但与年龄无显著相关性(P>0.05)。在HM患者中，当AL超过28 mm时，α角度显著减小，而DFD显著增大。

结论：DFD和α角度可作为评估HM患者中视盘形态变化的指标。HM患者中视盘形态变化的主要原因与AL及SE的增加有关，而非年龄因素。

METHODS:In this retrospective study, the medical records of HM patients were reviewed, and were classified based on age, AL, and SE. Participants were stratified into three age subgroups: Age1(<20 y), Age2(20-29 y), and Age3(≥30 y). For SE, participants were classified into three subgroups: SE1(-9 D≤SE<-6 D), SE2(-12 D≤SE<-9 D), and SE3(SE<-12 D). AL was further divided into four groups: AL1(<26 mm), AL2(26≤AL<27 mm), AL3(27≤AL<28 mm), and AL4(AL≥28 mm). The effects of different ages, AL, and SE on optic disc morphological parameters and their correlations were investigated.

RESULTS:Totally 188 right eyes from 188 HM patients(65 males and 123 females)with mean age of 25.00±6.44 y were analyzed. No significant difference was observed in morphological data of ONH among the age groups(all P>0.05). The ONH tilt index and ONH rotation angle had no correlation with the age, AL, and SE. However, the optic disc-fovea distance(DFD), angle α, largest diameter(LD), short diameter(SD), and ONH area were significantly correlated with AL and SE(DFD: r=0.195, 0.221; angle α: r=-0.242, -0.266; LD: r=0.319, 0.295; SD: r=0.274, 0.225; ONH area: 0.310, 0.265; all P<0.01)but not with age(P>0.05). In HM, as the AL grew larger than 28 mm, the angle α was smaller and the DFD was larger significantly.

CONCLUSION:The DFD and angle α can be used as evaluation indicators for the changes of ONH morphology in HM patients. The main cause of morphology change may be related to AL and SE increase rather than age.