目的：研究电针(EA)对形觉剥夺诱导近视(FDM)豚鼠脉络膜血流、PI3K/Akt/mTOR-HIF-1α信号通路以及眼部生物学参数的影响。

方法：将豚鼠随机分为4组：空白对照组、FDM组(通过形觉剥夺模拟近视发展)、FDM+电针(FDM+EA)组(形觉剥夺并接受电针刺激)、FDM+假穴(FDM+sham)组(形觉剥夺并接受电针刺激)。FDM+EA组在太阳穴(EX-HN5)穴位进行电针治疗，FDM+sham组在假穴点进行电针治疗。测量指标包括屈光度、眼轴轴长(AL)、角膜曲率、玻璃体直径、脉络膜厚度、脉络膜层的血管密度。此外，还检测了巩膜中PI3K、Akt、mTOR、HIF-1α mRNA的表达水平。

结果：每组均纳入8只豚鼠，治疗4 wk后，FDM+EA组的屈光度较FDM组显著降低(P<0.001)，FDM+EA组脉络膜血管密度较FDM组显著增加(P<0.001)，FDM+EA组中PI3K、Akt、mTOR及HIF-1α mRNA表达水平较FDM组显著降低(P<0.001)。

结论：电针疗法可提高脉络膜血管密度，抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR-HIF-1α信号通路的表达，有效改善巩膜缺氧状态，降低近视豚鼠的屈光度，对控制近视进展具有积极作用。

METHODS:The guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups:blank control group; FDM group(subjected to form deprivation to simulate myopia development); FDM+EA group(subjected to form deprivation and treated with EA stimulation); FDM+sham acupuncture group(subjected to form deprivation and given EA stimulation). EA treatments were performed at the Taiyang(EX-HN5)acupoint for the FDM+EA group and at sham acupoints in the FDM+sham group. Measurements included refractive error, axial length(AL), corneal curvature, vitreous diameter, choroidal thickness, and vascular density of the choroid layer. Additionally, the expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and HIF-1α mRNA in the sclera were detected.

RESULTS:Eight animals were included in each group.After 4 wk of treatment, the refractive error of the FDM+EA group was significantly reduced compared to the FDM group(P<0.001). The vascular density of the choroid in the FDM+EA group was significantly increased compared to the FDM group(P<0.001). The expression levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, and HIF-1α mRNA in the FDM+EA group were significantly reduced compared to the FDM group(P<0.001).

CONCLUSION:EA can improve the vascular density of choroid, antagonize the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway, effectively improve scleral hypoxia, reduce the diopter of myopic guinea pigs, and play a role in controlling the progression of myopia.