High myopia combined with glaucoma(HMG), as a refractory subtype of glaucoma, poses significant challenges due to overlapping structural alterations of both conditions,leading to difficulties in differential diagnosis and a notably high missed diagnosis rate. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)revealed that rapid thinning of the temporal retinal nerve fiber layer is a key biomarker for the early diagnosis of HMG, and reference values for physiological thinning have been established. In addition, artificial intelligence(AI)-assisted diagnostic systems have demonstrated considerable potential in scenarios such as fundus image analysis and data interpretation. Global collaborative initiatives on HMG are currently constructing multicenter databases to support the training and validation of AI models.In terms of treatment, the strategy for intraocular pressure control needs to be further optimized,including setting lower target intraocular pressure, paying attention to medication specificity, while emphasizing neuroprotection and lifestyle interventions. Innovative treatments, including stem cell therapy, have progressed to phase II clinical trials, with some patients exhibiting measurable improvements in visual acuity. Furthermore, individualized management based on disease stratificationis is still required. Future developments are expected to focus on precision medicine, early screening programs, and interdisciplinary collaboration, with the goal of improving visual outcomes in patients with HMG.

甘肃省卫生健康委员基金资助项目(No.GSWSKY2022-05); 甘肃省自然科学基金项目(No.24JRRA003); 联勤保障部队第九四○医院院基金(No.2021yxky033,2023YXKY011,2023YXKY033); 兰州市课题(No.2024-9-126); 中央高校基本科研专项(No.31920250055); 西宁联勤保障中心“三才一队”青年新苗人才