[关键词]
[摘要]
高度近视已成为全球范围内重大的公共卫生问题，在我国及东南亚等地区形势尤为严峻。高度近视患者不仅易合并多种眼底病变，且发生白内障的年龄更早、程度更重，严重影响患者视力。超声乳化白内障吸除术是目前治疗白内障的主流手术方式，然而手术中的灌注压波动及超声乳化能量的释放均有可能损伤玻璃体与视网膜结构，导致高度近视术后眼底病变的发生或进展。文章综述了高度近视在超声乳化白内障吸除手术后，后巩膜葡萄肿、近视性黄斑病变进展及发生视网膜脱离的研究现况。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
High myopia has become a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in China and Southeast Asia. It is associated not only with a variety of fundus diseases but also with earlier onset and greater severity of cataracts, resulting in significant visual impairment. Phacoemulsification is currently the main surgical treatment for cataracts. However, intraoperative fluctuations in perfusion pressure and exposure to ultrasonic energy may affect the vitreoretinal structures, potentially accelerating the progression of fundus pathology after surgery in highly myopic eyes. This article summarizes current evidence on the progression of posterior scleral staphyloma, myopic maculopathy, and retinal detachment following phacoemulsification in highly myopic eyes.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家自然科学基金项目(No.82571188); 广东省自然科学基金项目(No.2025A1515012407); 广东省高等学校重大致盲眼病防治基础研究卓越中心(No.2024-PIZC-046); 眼病防治全国重点实验室高度近视项目(No.2025QNMY02)
