目的：调查宁波市儿童青少年近视防控知信行现状及影响因素，为制定精准近视防控策略提供科学依据。

方法：采用分层整群抽样法于2024年8月至2025年5月选取宁波市医校共建近视防控圈内6-12岁儿童青少年为研究对象。通过问卷调查近视预防认知(共15个条目)和行为(共9个条目)相关信息，采用Logistic回归模型分析影响儿童青少年近视发生的因素。

结果：本研究共纳入6-12岁儿童青少年664名，按年龄将调查对象分为6-7岁组221人、8-9岁组221人和10-12岁组222人，共发放问卷664份，回收有效问卷637份(6-7岁组201份、8-9岁组235份、10-12岁组201份)，有效回收率为95.9%。根据近视筛查结果，非近视组203名(31.9%)中男100名，女103名，平均年龄为8.82±1.98岁； 近视组434名(68.1%)中男213名，女221名，平均年龄为9.10±1.95岁。6-7岁组、8-9岁组及10-12岁组的近视率分别为37.8%(76/201)、71.9%(169/235)和94.0%(189/201)(P<0.001)。在近视预防的认知与行为方面，非近视组总知晓率59.7%±9.7%显著高于近视组48.7%±8.5%(P<0.001)，且在“定期眼科检查”这一关键行为上的得分(4.27±0.96分)高于近视组的(4.10±1.05分)(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明年龄是近视发生的主要危险因素。

结论：年龄是近视发生的主导因素，且存在“知行差距”现象； 传统健康教育模式存在局限性，应构建基于发育规律的精准防控体系。

METHODS: Children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were selected from the medical-school collaborative myopia prevention network in Ningbo City between August 2024 and May 2025 using stratified cluster sampling. Information on myopia prevention knowledge(15 items)and practice(9 items)was collected through questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were used to analyze factors influencing myopia occurrence in children and adolescents.

RESULTS: A total of 664 children and adolescents aged 6-12 years were enrolled in this study. Participants were divided by age into three groups: 6-7 years old(n=221), 8-9 years old(n=221), and 10-12 years old(n=222). Of the 664 questionnaires distributed, 637 valid questionnaires were returned(201 from the 6-7 age group, 235 from the 8-9 age group, and 201 from the 10-12 age group), yielding an effective response rate of 95.9%. Based on myopia screening results, the non-myopic group comprised 203 participants(31.9%), including 100 males and 103 females, with a mean age of 8.82±1.98 years old. The myopic group comprised 434 participants(68.1%), including 213 males and 221 females, with a mean age of 9.10±1.95 years old. The myopia prevalence rates in the 6-7, 8-9, and 10-12 age groups were 37.8%(76/201), 71.9%(169/235), and 94.0%(189/201), respectively(P<0.001). Regarding the knowledge and practice of myopia prevention, the overall awareness rate in the non-myopic group(59.7%±9.7%)was significantly higher than that in the myopic group(48.7%±8.5%; P<0.001). Additionally, the non-myopic group scored higher on the key practice of “regular eye examinations”(4.27±0.96)compared to the myopic group(4.10±1.05; P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age was the primary risk factor for myopia occurrence.

CONCLUSION: Age is the dominant factor in the onset of myopia, and there is a phenomenon of “knowledge-practice gap”; the traditional health education model has limitations, and a precise prevention and control system based on developmental patterns should be established.