目的：探讨不同性别8-16岁儿童角膜生物学参数变化规律及双眼对称性。

方法：回顾性病例研究。选取2022年1月至2024年12月期间于我院眼科进行视光检查的儿童。测量角膜前表面最平坦子午线曲率(K1)、最陡峭子午线曲率(K2)、平均曲率(Km)、水平可见虹膜直径(HVID)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜内皮细胞密度(CECD)、平均细胞面积(ACS)、变异系数(CV)和六角形细胞百分比(HEX)。比较不同性别和不同年龄段间儿童角膜生物学参数变化规律及双眼差异。

结果：本研究共纳入儿童621名1 242眼，其中男284名568眼，女337名674眼，8-12岁儿童528名1 056眼，13-16岁儿童93例186眼。8-16岁儿童中男童左眼和右眼的K1、K2、Km、CV以及双眼CCT差值均显著低于女童(均P<0.05)，男童左眼和右眼的HVID、HEX和左眼CCT则显著高于女童(均P<0.05)。8-12岁儿童的左眼和右眼K1、Km、CECD、HEX均显著高于13-16岁儿童，8-12岁儿童的左眼和右眼ACS则显著低于13-16岁儿童(均P<0.05)。左眼和右眼K1、K2、Km、CECD和HEX均与年龄呈负相关(均P<0.05)； 左眼和右眼ACS均与年龄呈正相关(均P<0.001)； 右眼的K1和Km均与右眼CECD呈正相关(均P<0.05)，左眼K1和CCT均与左眼CECD呈正相关(均P<0.05)。

结论：8-16岁儿童角膜生物学参数存在性别差异，双眼对称性稳定。

METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted, and children who underwent optometric examinations at the ophthalmology department of our hospital were enrolled between January 2022 and December 2024. Measurements included the flat keratometry(K1), steep keratometry(K2), and mean curvature(Km)of the anterior corneal surface, horizontal visible iris diameter(HVID), central corneal thickness(CCT), corneal endothelial cell density(CECD), average cell size(ACS), coefficient of variation(CV), and hexagonality(HEX). Corneal parameters and binocular differences were compared between genders and across age groups.

RESULTS:A total of 621 children(1 242 eyes)were enrolled in this study, including 284 males(568 eyes), 337 females(674 eyes), 528 children aged 8-12 years(1 056 eyes), and 93 children aged 13-16 years(186 eyes). In children aged 8-16 years, the K1, K2, Km and CV of both eyes, as well as the interocular CCT differences in boys were significantly lower than those in girls(all P<0.05), while the HVID and HEX of both eyes, as well as the CCT of the left eye in boys were significantly higher than those in girls(all P<0.05). Children aged 8-12 years had significantly higher K1, Km, CECD and HEX in both eyes, and significantly lower ACS in both eyes than those aged 13-16 years(all P<0.05). K1, K2, Km, CECD and HEX in both eyes were negatively correlated with age(P<0.05); ACS in both eyes was positively correlated with age(P<0.001); K1 and Km of the right eye were positively correlated with the CECD of the right eye(P<0.05), and K1 and CCT of the left eye were positively correlated with the CECD of the left eye(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:Significant gender differences exist in corneal parameters among children aged 8 to 16 years, while binocular symmetry remained stable.