目的：了解惠州市淡澳地区早产儿眼病的发病状况，并探讨影响早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)发生的相关危险因素，以便为推动我市所有早产儿眼部疾病筛查的实施提供理论依据。

方法：回顾分析我市淡澳地区2023年6月至2024年12月在我院进行早产儿眼病筛查的早产儿数据资料。统计我市淡澳地区早产儿眼病的发病种类及检出率，并分析影响ROP发生的因素。

结果：本研究共纳入在我院进行早产儿眼病筛查的早产儿715例1 430眼，其中男428例，女287例，出生胎龄34.59±1.98 wk，出生体质量2218.64±509.08 g，双胎178例，单胎537例。715例早产儿共计发现眼病10种70例，检出率为9.79%，其中26例被检查出ROP(3.64%)，包括1期20例，2期4例，3期2例，出生胎龄≤34 wk占73.08%(19/26)，出生体质量<2 000 g占69.23%(18/26)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现产妇妊娠期糖尿病(OR：3.493，95% CI：1.292- 9.445，P<0.05)、妊娠期高血压(OR：2.858，95% CI：1.067-7.659，P<0.05)以及新生儿贫血(OR：3.636，95%CI：1.295-10.212，P<0.05)、呼吸窘迫综合征(OR：11.128，95%CI：3.369-36.756，P<0.05)、吸氧史(OR： 5.531，95%CI：1.697-18.031，P<0.05)均是影响早产儿发生ROP的危险因素，出生胎龄较大是早产儿发生ROP的保护因素(OR：0.557，95%CI： 0.389-0.798，P<0.05)。

结论：早产儿进行眼病筛查的意义不仅仅在于检出ROP，亦可同时检出其他致盲性眼部病变。早期筛查早期诊治可避免损害儿童的视力发育。

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of premature infants who underwent ocular disease screening in our hospital from June 2023 to December 2024 in the Dan'ao area of Huizhou city. The types and detection rates of ocular diseases in premature infants in this area were statistically analyzed, and the factors influencing the occurrence of ROP were further explored.

RESULTS:A total of 715 premature infants(1 430 eyes)who received ocular disease screening in our hospital were enrolled in this study, including 428 males and 287 females, with a mean gestational age at birth of 34.59±1.98 wk and a mean birth weight of 2218.64±509.08 g. Among them, 178 were twins and 537 were singletons. A total of 70 cases of 10 types of ocular diseases were detected in the 715 preterm infants, with an overall detection rate of 9.79%. Specifically, 26 cases(3.64%)were diagnosed with ROP, including 20 cases of stage 1, 4 cases of stage 2, and 2 cases of stage 3. Among the ROP patients, 73.08%(19/26)had a gestational age ≤34 wk at birth, and 69.23%(18/26)had a birth weight <2 000 g. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal gestational diabetes mellitus(OR: 3.493, 95% CI: 1.292-9.445, P<0.05), gestational hypertension(OR: 2.858, 95% CI: 1.067-7.659, P<0.05), neonatal anemia(OR: 3.636, 95% CI: 1.295-10.212, P<0.05), respiratory distress syndrome(OR: 11.128, 95% CI: 3.369-36.756, P<0.05), and history of oxygen inhalation(OR: 5.531, 95% CI: 1.697-18.031, P<0.05)were all independent risk factors for ROP in premature infants. Additionally, a higher gestational age at birth was identified as a protective factor against ROP(OR: 0.557, 95% CI: 0.389-0.798, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:The significance of ocular diseases screening for premature infants lies not only in the detection of ROP but also in the identification of other blinding ocular lesions. Early screening and timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent impairment of visual development in children.