Early-onset myopia refers to myopia that develops before the age of 13. Characterized by rapid initial progression and a significantly increased risk of developing high myopia in the future, it has become a major public health problem threatening children's visual health. Early diagnosis and systematic intervention represent a critical window for slowing refractive progression and reducing the risk of high myopia and associated ocular fundus complications, holding significant importance for improving long-term visual outcomes in children. This review aims to systematically summarize recent advances in early-onset myopia, focusing on the mechanisms of gene-environment interactions, advances in treatment technologies, and innovations in comprehensive management strategies. It integrates the latest achievements from both basic research and clinical practice related to the treatment of early-onset myopia, aiming to provide theoretical support for precise diagnosis and treatment, public health policy formulation, and technological innovation. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable reference for ophthalmologists, researchers, and policy makers.

宁夏回族自治区中央引导地方科技发展专项项目(No.2024FRD05068)