[关键词]
[摘要]
干眼是一种由多因素导致以泪液的质、量及动力学异常引起的泪膜不稳定和眼表微环境失衡为特征的常见眼部疾病。其病因复杂，除了与眼局部因素相关外还与多种全身性疾病相关，已成为一种跨学科疾病，增加了临床诊治难度。文章系统综述了干眼与自身免疫性疾病、代谢性疾病、内分泌疾病、精神类疾病等全身性因素的关联，并从炎症反应、氧化应激、神经调节及泪液成分改变等角度深入探讨了上述疾病引发干眼的核心机制。以期为理解干眼的多系统病因提供理论依据，并为临床开展综合诊治与基础研究提供新的思路和方向。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Dry eye is a common ocular condition characterized by multifactorial etiology, involving abnormalities in the quality, quantity, and dynamics of tears, leading to tear film instability and imbalance of the ocular surface microenvironment. Its pathogenesis is complex and not only associated with local ocular factors but also linked to various systemic diseases, making it an interdisciplinary disorder that increases the challenge of clinical diagnosis and treatment. This review systematically elaborates on the associations between dry eye disease and systemic factors such as autoimmune, metabolic, endocrine, and psychiatric disorders, and further investigates the core pathogenic mechanisms, namely inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neuro-immune interactions, and tear film compositional changes. Thus, this review provides a theoretical basis for understanding the multisystem etiology of dry eye and offers novel insights for comprehensive clinical management and fundamental research.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
北京市中医药科技发展资金项目(No.BJZYYB-2023-76); 中国中医科学院眼科医院高水平中医医院项目(No.GSP2-06)
