[关键词]
[摘要]
巩膜镜是一种基于眼表形态特殊设计的大直径硬性高透氧性接触镜，其拥有更大的直径、更高的矢高、更小的活动度，以提供更好的稳定性与舒适性。巩膜镜发展至今已有几个世纪，其材料透氧性、制造工艺、验配设备等方面均取得了突破性进展，为巩膜镜的创新设计创造了必要条件。巩膜镜从最初的球面设计逐步衍生出复曲面设计、象限设计、缺口设计等多种设计类别，可适用于多种眼表形态。目前巩膜镜已广泛应用于角膜不规则散光、高度屈光不正、眼表疾病等方面，其临床效用和安全性已得到临床研究证实。文章从巩膜镜的镜片设计、生产与质检、验配、临床应用、并发症及处理方面的应用进展进行综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
Scleral lenses are large-diameter rigid gas permeable contact lenses specifically designed based on the morphology of the ocular surface. These lenses feature a larger diameter, higher sagittal height, and limited movement to provide superior stabilization and wearer comfort. Scleral lenses have been developed over several centuries, with breakthroughs achieved in material oxygen permeability, manufacturing processes, and fitting equipment, creating the necessary conditions for innovative designs. From the initial spherical design, scleral lenses have evolved into various design categories such as toric, quadrant, and notched designs, making them suitable for a wide range of ocular surface shapes. Currently, scleral lenses are widely used for irregular corneal astigmatism, high refractive errors, and ocular surface diseases, with their clinical efficacy and safety having been confirmed by clinical studies. This comprehensive review systematically examines recent developments in scleral lenses, encompassing lens design, production and quality inspection, fitting, clinical applications, as well as complications and their management strategies.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
湖南省自然科学基金项目(No.2023JJ70037); 爱尔眼科集团科研基金项目(No.AM2203D02)
