视网膜病变主要源于视网膜血管与神经的异常，患者可出现视力下降、视野缺失等症状，常采用药物、手术、激光等方法治疗。既往研究表明，高血糖、高血压及高血脂均会对视网膜损伤，且三者产生协同病理效应(多因素交互作用导致损伤倍增)加速视网膜病变，探究三者对视网膜的损伤机制，挖掘潜在的治疗靶点，对于视网膜病变的早期防控、症状改善具有极为关键的临床价值。文章概括三者导致视网膜病变的机制，为开发血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)抑制剂、抗氧化剂及抗炎药物的多靶点联合治疗提供了理论依据，不仅有助于早期干预和精准治疗，还为新型药物研发和个体化治疗策略奠定了基础，对防治代谢性眼病具有重要意义。

Retinopathy mainly arises from abnormalities in retinal blood vessels and nerves. Patients may experience symptoms such as decreased vision and visual field deletion, and are often treated with methods such as drugs,surgery, and laser. Previous studies have shown that hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia can all cause retinal injury, and the three produce a synergistic pathological effect(multi-factor interaction leading to multiplied injury)to accelerate retinopathy. Exploring the additional aspects of mechanism of the three on the retina and exploring potential therapeutic targets have extremely critical clinical value for the early prevention and control of retinopathy and improvement of symptoms. The article summarizes the mechanisms by which the three lead to retinopathy, provides a theoretical basis for the development of multi-target combined therapy of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)inhibitor, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs, which not only helps early intervention and precise treatment, but also lays a foundation for the development of new drugs and individualized treatment strategies, and is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of metabolic eye diseases.