中老年糖尿病性白内障患者超乳联合IOL植入术后发生角膜水肿的影响因素

Influencing factors of corneal edema after phacomulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation in middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetic cataract

摘要:

目的：探讨中老年糖尿病性白内障患者超声乳化摘除联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后发生角膜水肿的影响因素，以期减少临床中此类患者的白内障术后并发症。

方法：选取2021-08/2023-06在重庆市忠县人民医院眼科接受超声乳化摘除联合IOL植入术的中老年糖尿病性白内障患者198例226眼作为研究对象进行回顾分析，根据其术后发生角膜水肿的情况将其分为角膜水肿组53眼和非角膜水肿组173眼。收集并比较两组的基线资料； 记录并比较两组患者术前角膜厚度、内皮细胞密度变化、手术时间和有效超声时间等手术相关指标。采用多因素Logistic模型分析角膜水肿的影响因素，并绘制风险列线图。

结果：角膜水肿组患者年龄≥60岁分布显著高于非角膜水肿组，同时角膜水肿组患者糖尿病病程显著长于非角膜水肿组，晶状体核硬度分级Ⅳ-Ⅴ级的人数分布显著多于非角膜水肿组(均P<0.05)。角膜水肿组的内皮细胞密度变化显著高于非角膜水肿组(P<0.05)； 与非角膜水肿组比较，角膜水肿组患者手术时间较长，有效超声时间更长(均P<0.05)。年龄、糖尿病病程、晶状体核硬度分级、手术时间和有效超声乳化时间是患者术后发生角膜水肿的危险因素(均P<0.05)。患者风险列线图总得分为150分时，该患者术后发生角膜水肿的风险约为65%。

结论：中老年糖尿病性白内障超声乳化摘除联合IOL植入术后发生角膜水肿的影响因素包括年龄、糖尿病病程、晶状体核硬度、手术时间以及有效超声乳化时间。

Abstract:

AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of corneal edema after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetic cataract, reducing postoperative complications of cataract in such patients.

METHODS: A total of 198 middle-aged and elderly patients(226 eyes)with diabetic cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in Zhongxian People's Hospital of Chongqing from August 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into corneal edema group(n=53)and non-corneal edema group(n=173)according to their postoperative corneal edema. Baseline data were collected and compared between the two groups, and the operation-related indexes such as preoperative corneal thickness, endothelial cell density, operation time and effective phaco time were recorded and compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of corneal edema were analyzed by multivariate Logistic model, and the risk nomogram was drawn.

RESULTS: The age distribution of patients ≥60 years old in the corneal edema group was significantly higher than that in the non-corneal edema group, the duration of diabetes mellitus in the corneal edema group was significantly longer than that in the non-corneal edema group, and the lens nuclear hardness grade was significantly higher than that in the non-corneal edema group(all P<0.05). The changes in endothelial cell density in the corneal edema group were significantly higher than those in the non-corneal edema group(P<0.05); compared with the non-corneal edema group, the patients in the corneal edema group had a longer operation time and a longer effective phaco time(all P<0.05). Age, duration of diabetes mellitus, lens nuclear stiffness grade, operation time and effective phaco time were the risk factors for corneal edema after surgery(all P<0.05). When the total score of the patient risk nomogram is 150 points, the risk of corneal edema after surgery is about 65%.

CONCLUSION: The factors influencing the occurrence of corneal edema after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation include age, duration of diabetes, lens nuclear stiffness, operation duration and effective phaco time.