单细胞转录组测序技术在糖尿病视网膜病变中细胞机制的研究现状和进展

Current status and progress of single cell RNA sequencing in the cellular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy

摘要:

糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病常见的视网膜并发症，全身危险因素、炎症反应、氧化应激反应均参与了DR的发生与发展，是工作年龄人群首要的致盲性眼病。传统的测序方式解释了DR的病理机制，为临床的诊断及治疗提供了重要参考，但仍具有局限性。近年来兴起的单细胞转录组测序技术(scRNA-seq)在单个细胞水平对mRNA进行转录组分析，可精准识别视网膜疾病中新的细胞亚型，鉴别罕见细胞，揭示细胞的异质性，有助于阐明视网膜疾病的发生发展轨迹，深入探索与疾病有关的基因调控关系，为今后精准医疗提供指导。文章就单细胞测序技术以及在DR研究中的应用进行综述，探讨不同类型细胞在与DR相关的作用机制，以期更好的将scRNA-seq应用于DR的研究中，寻找潜在的治疗靶点从而助力DR相关研究的临床转化。

Abstract:

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most common retinal complications of diabetes could cause irreversible loss of central vision in the working-age population. Current studies showed that systemic risk factors, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress played a central role in the development of DR. Although traditional sequencing methods have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of DR, offering crucial guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment, they still possess certain limitations. In recent years, the emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technology(scRNA-seq)has enabled precise analysis of mRNA transcriptomes at the single-cell level. This technique accurately identifies novel cell subtypes in retinal diseases, detects rare cells, and reveals intercellular heterogeneity. It contributes to elucidating the pathogenesis and development of retinal diseases, and facilitates exploration of gene regulatory relationships associated with these disorders to provide valuable insights for future precision medicine. This article reviews the technology of single-cell sequencing and its application in DR research. It also explores the mechanisms of different types of cells associated with DR, aiming to enhance the utilization of scRNA-seq in DR research and identify potential therapeutic targets to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment of DR.