近视前期的研究现状

Research status of premyopia

摘要:

近视导致的视觉损伤以及致盲已成为全球性负担，世界卫生组织已将近视的防控列入全球防盲计划中。我国近视发展呈现高发、低龄化、高度数化趋势，防控端口前移成为解决窘迫现状的重要策略。近视前期(premyopia)是指儿童的屈光度数≤+0.75 D和>-0.50 D的阶段，该阶段存在多种可能发展为近视的危险因素。目前近视前期的发生率和其转变为近视的概率居高，主要防控措施包括构建预测近视前期转变为近视的模型、强调减少危险因素暴露、使用低浓度阿托品滴眼液、红光治疗、光学离焦干预等。文章就近视前期的发生率及其转变为近视的概率现状以及现有防控措施的研究进展进行综述，以期为近视前期阶段防控近视提供参考。

Abstract:

The visual impairment and blindness caused by myopia have become a global burden, and the World Health Organization has included the prevention and control of myopia in the global program for preventing blindness. In China, the development of myopia is showing a trend with higher incidence, younger age, and higher refractive errors. Moving forward the port of prevention and control myopia has become an important strategy to address the current predicament. Premyopia refers to the stage in children where the refractive power is ≤+0.75 D and >-0.50 D, and there are multiple risk factors during this stage that can potentially lead to myopia. Currently, the incidence of premyopia and its transformation into myopia is high, and the key prevention and control measures include building a predictive model for the transformation of premyopia into myopia, emphasizing the reduction of exposure to risk factors, using low-concentration atropine eye drops, red light therapy, and optical defocus intervention. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current situation regarding the incidence of premyopia and its transformation into myopia, as well as the research progress on existing prevention and control measures, with the aim of providing relevant references for the prevention and control of myopia during the premyopia stage.