NLRP3炎症小体信号通路在视网膜疾病发生发展中的作用

Research progress on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases

摘要:

核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是由多种蛋白组成的炎症复合物，其主要作用是参与炎症反应。当上述小体激活后可进一步激活Caspase-1，从而诱导一系列炎性因子激活及细胞焦亡。炎性小体的过度活化会引起炎性因子的过量表达，并持续发挥效应，触发免疫失调及炎性连锁反应，造成严重的损害。研究证实糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)、视网膜缺血-再灌注损伤(RIRI)、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(PVR)等视网膜疾病与免疫失调与炎性反应密切相关，是引起视网膜疾病进展的重要因素。文章就NLRP3炎症小体信号通路及其在视网膜疾病中的功能作一概述，为该病的发病机制及防治提供新思路。

Abstract:

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome is an inflammatory protein complex, and can participate into the inflammatory response. Upon activation, these inflammasomes can lead to Caspase-1 activation, thereby inducing a cascade of inflammatory factor activation and further cell pyroptosis. Excessive activation of inflammasomes will induce the overexpression of inflammatory factors, persistently triggering immune dysregulation and inflammatory chain reactions, even causing severe damage. The recent studies have confirmed a close association between retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy(DR), retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)with immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses, which is serving as crucial factors in the progression of retinal diseases. This article reviews the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway and its role in the occurrence and development of retinal diseases, in order to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and prevention of retinal diseases.