目的：了解西安市不同区域同年龄段儿童视力现况及差异，为预防儿童近视采取有效依据。

方法：采用随机分层抽样，选取2022-12西安市中心医院筛查的6所城区，10所城乡，112所农村学校中6-12岁儿童41 285人的裸眼远视力和电脑屈光检测数据。

结果：西安市不同区域近视检出率分别为城区47.16%、城乡38.59%、农村32.29%，总近视率为37.50%。6-12岁近视率城区较城乡高，城乡较农村高； 近视率女生均高于男生； 近视率随年龄升高而升高； 低度近视：城区近视率明显高于城乡及农村； 高度近视：农村近视率明显高于城区及城乡。西安市不同区域远视储备不足率分别为城区92.08%、城乡93.67%、农村90.92%，总远视储备不足率为92.09%。6-12岁远视储备不足率城乡较城区高，城区较农村高； 总远视储备不足率女生高于男生； 8岁前为远视储备不足率的发展高峰期。

结论：西安市不同区域6-12岁总近视率及总视力储备不足率均具有差异性，8-9岁为近视发展加速期，8岁前为远视储备不足率高峰； 随着年龄的增长，近视率呈一定增长趋势，而远视储备不足率达高峰后呈现递减趋势； 女生总近视率及总视力储备不足率均高于男生。

METHODS: Random stratified sampling was used to select the uncorrected distance visual acuity and computed dioptric data of 41 285 children aged 6-12 from 6 towns, 10 urban and rural areas and 112 country schools screened by Xi'an Central Hospital in December 2022.

RESULTS: The myopia detection rate in different regions of Xi'an is 47.16% in towns, 38.59% in urban and rural areas, and 32.29% in the country, and the total myopia rate is 37.50%. The myopia rate of 6-12 years old in towns is higher than that in urban and rural areas, and that of urban and rural areas is higher than that of country; the myopia rate of girls is higher than that of boys; myopia rate increases with age; mild myopia: the myopia rate in towns is significantly higher than that of the urban and rural areas and the country; high myopia: the myopia rate in the country is significantly higher than that of the towns and the urban and rural areas. The total rate of deficient hyperopia reserves in different regions of Xi'an is 92.08% in towns, 93.67% in urban and rural areas, and 90.92% in the country, and the total rate of deficient hyperopia reserves is 92.09%. The rate of deficient hyperopia reserves at the age of 6-12 is higher in the urban and rural areas than in the towns, and higher in the towns than in the country; the total rate of deficient hyperopia reserve is higher in girls than in boys; it is the peak period of the development of hyperopia reserve rate before the age of 8.

CONCLUSION: The total myopia rate and the total vision reserve deficiency rate of 6-12 years old in different regions of Xi'an are different, and 8-9 years old is the accelerated period of myopia development, and the peak of deficient hyperopia reserve is before the age of 8 years old. With the growth of age, the myopia rate shows a certain growth trend, and the rate of deficient hyperopia reserve shows a decreasing trend after reaching the peak. The total myopia rate and insufficient acuity reserve rate of girls are higher than those of boys.