视网膜周边离焦与近视防控的研究进展

Advances in peripheral defocus and myopia prevention and control

摘要:

近视患病率在全球范围逐年增高，随之导致诸多眼健康问题和社会学影响。近年来，视网膜周边离焦被证实与近视的发生发展密切相关，改变视网膜的周边离焦状态能够显著影响近视发展和正视化进程，但其具体作用机制仍不明确。目前临床中尚无能够完全控制近视的方法，现有的主要方法包括硬性角膜塑形镜、周边离焦镜、多焦软镜等均被证实与视网膜周边离焦紧密相关，本文将总结归纳周边离焦相关的控制手段的发展、控制效果。并对国内外视网膜周边离焦与近视防控的相关机制研究进行回顾，提出周边离焦防控近视的潜在机制，以期为进一步提高各种防控手段的效果或研发新的防控措施以及降低近视的发病率和发展速度提供思路。

Abstract:

The global prevalence of myopia is increasing year by year, leading to many ocular health issues and social problems. In recent years, it has been confirmed that peripheral defocus is closely related to the occurrence and development of myopia. Alteration of the state of peripheral defocus can significantly influence the progression of myopia and emmetropization, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. At present, there is no method that can completely control myopia. Nowadays, the main controlling methods, including orthokeratology lens, peripheral defocus lens and multi-focal soft lens, have been confirmed to be closely related to peripheral defocus. In this paper, we will review and summarize the development and effect of these peripheral defocus relating control methods. In addition, the researches on the related mechanisms of peripheral retinal defocus and myopia prevention and control at home and abroad are reviewed, as well as the potential mechanisms of peripheral defocus, with a view to further improving the controlling effects of existing methods, developing new prevention and control methods and reducing the incidence and progression of myopia.