高眼压对眼屈光影响的研究进展

Advances in the effect of ocular hypertension on ocular refraction

摘要:

高眼压(OH)可致多种眼组织结构及功能损害，其中对眼屈光的影响，临床早有认识。OH对眼屈光的影响，与屈光间质透明性和形态结构，以及眼轴改变有关。因眼压(IOP)升高快慢、程度等不同，眼屈光变化有可逆和不可逆不同特征。眼屈光呈不可逆变化者，也常伴视觉传输损伤，并对后者病情评估有一定参考价值。IOP变化致眼轴改变，与巩膜重塑和脉络膜血流灌注变化有关，对近视发生发展和白内障术后屈光误差有一定影响。本文就OH所致屈光间质和眼轴改变的表现，以及对眼屈光影响的特征等研究进展进行总结，以期加深OH对眼屈光影响的认识，并为预防不可逆性眼屈光改变，指导视觉传输损伤的病情评估和轴性近视发生发展的防控等提供参考。

Abstract:

Ocular hypertension(OH)can cause a variety of ocular structural and functional damage, among which the effect on ocular refraction has long been recognized in the clinic. The effect of OH on ocular refraction is related to the transparency and shape of refractive media, as well as the changes of the axial length. Due to the different speed and degree of intraocular pressure(IOP)elevation, the changes of refraction are reversible or irreversible. Irreversible changes in refraction are often accompanied by visual transmission impairment, and have a certain reference value for the evaluation of the latter condition. IOP changes lead to changes in the axial length, which are related to scleral remodeling and choroidal perfusion changes, and have a certain impact on the development of myopia and refractive error after cataract surgery. In this paper, the research progress of the changes of refractive media and axial length caused by OH, as well as the characteristics of the effects on ocular refraction are summarized, hoping to deepen the understanding of the effect of OH on ocular refraction, and provide reference for preventing irreversible ocular refractive changes, guiding the assessment of visual transmission damage and preventing or controlling the development of axial myopia.