角膜基质再生与修复的研究进展

Advances in corneal stromal regeneration and repair

摘要:

角膜在眼球屈光系统中起着重要作用，角膜基质是角膜的主要组成部分，角膜基质的损伤可能导致永久性的视力损害，角膜移植术是目前治疗角膜基质疾病最有效的方法，但供体缺乏，长期免疫抑制治疗以防止排斥反应，以及移植物存活的限制阻碍了其进一步发展。此外，还可利用角膜基质内源性再生能力使角膜基质的胶原细胞外基质在合适的条件下能自我更新。然而，角膜基质复杂的超微结构难以在体外模拟。因此，再生医学被应用来克服这些挑战。这些方法涉及多个领域，包括干细胞诱导分化、组织工程技术、基因编辑等。本文就相关的角膜基质再生与修复技术、研究进展和存在的问题进行了归纳总结，并为未来角膜基质再生与修复的临床应用提供可能的途径。

Abstract:

Corneal stroma is a significant part of the cornea and plays a significant role in the eye's refractive system. Although corneal transplantation is now the most effective treatment for corneal stromal disease, its advancement has been constrained by a shortage of donors, the need for prolonged immunosuppressive medicine to prevent rejection, and low graft survival rates. An alternate strategy is to use the corneal stroma's natural capacity for regeneration to create the ideal conditions for the collagenous extracellular matrix of the stroma to self-renew. However, it is challenging to replicate the intricate ultrastructure of the corneal stroma in vitro. Regenerative medicine has so been used to address these issues. These approaches refer to numerous disciplines, including stem cell-induced differentiation, tissue engineering and gene editing. This article provides potential directions for the future clinical applications of corneal stromal regeneration and repair while summarizing pertinent techniques, research progress, and issues.