目的：探讨白内障超声乳化术后视网膜微循环变化特点及影响术后视力因素。

方法：回顾性分析。选取2022-01/12于我院行超声乳化术的白内障患者264例264眼为研究对象。根据患者术后3mo最佳矫正视力(BCVA)恢复情况分为BCVA≥0.3组198眼，BCVA<0.3组66眼。比较患者手术前后视网膜微循环指标变化。使用Logistic回归和LASSO回归模型筛选影响患者术后BCVA恢复的因素。构建患者术后BCVA的列线图预测模型并对模型进行验证。建立限制性立方样条Logistic回归模型分析舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)与BCVA恢复不佳风险关联强度的剂量-反应关系。

结果：术后3mo所有患者EDV、PSV较术前明显改善，阻力指数(RI)水平较术前明显降低(均P<0.05)。术前EDV、PSV、房水细胞分级、眼底病变分级、高龄、Emery分级均是白内障患者超声乳化术后BCVA恢复不佳的影响因素(P<0.05)。采用Bootstrap法对列线图模型验证前后的AUC分别为0.869(95%CI：0.815-0.903)和0.866(95%CI：0.802-0.895)，灵敏度分别为88.36%和88.27%，特异度分别为91.82%和91.78%。限制性立方样条模型分析显示，无论男性或女性，术前EDV、PSV水平与BCVA恢复不佳风险的关联强度均不存在非线性剂量-反应关系(P>0.05)。

结论：超声乳化术后白内障患者视网膜微循环明显改善。术前EDV、PSV、房水细胞分级、眼底病变分级、高龄、Emery分级均是影响白内障患者术后BCVA恢复不佳的因素。

METHODS: Retrospective analysis. A total of 264 cataract patients(264 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects. Patients were divided into < 0.3 group(66 eyes)and ≥0.3 group(198 eyes)according to the recovery of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)at 3 mo after surgery. The changes of retinal microcirculation indexes were compared before and after treatment. Logistic regression and LASSO regression models were used to screen the influencing factors of postoperative BCVA. A nomogram prediction model of postoperative BCVA was constructed and verified. A restricted cubic spline Logistic regression model was established to analyze the dose-response relationship between end-diastolic velocity(EDV), peak systolic velocity(PSV)and the risk of BCVA recovery.

RESULTS: At 3 mo postoperatively, EDV and PSV were significantly improved compared with those before treatment, and resistance index(RI)levels were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P<0.05). Preoperative EDV, PSV, aqueous humor cell grade, fundus lesion grade, advanced age and Emery grade were influencing factors for poor BCVA recovery after phacoemulsification in cataract patients(P<0.05). The AUC before and after validation of the nomogram model by Bootstrap method were 0.869(95%CI: 0.815-0.903)and 0.866(95%CI: 0.802-0.895), respectively. The sensitivity was 88.36% and 88.27%, and the specificity was 91.82% and 91.78%, respectively. Restricted cubic spline model analysis showed no nonlinear dose-response relationship between EDV and PSV levels and the risk of poor BCVA recovery in either male or female(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: After phacoemulsification, retinal microcirculation in cataract patients improved significantly. EDV, PSV, aqueous humor cell grade, fundus lesion grade, advanced age and Emery grade are all factors influencing poor BCVA recovery after cataract surgery.