学龄前儿童常用视力表的研究进展

Research progress on commonly used visual acuity charts for preschool children

摘要:

学龄前期(3-6岁)是视觉发育的关键时期，及早发现并治疗学龄前儿童视觉问题至关重要。视力表是筛查儿童视觉问题的重要工具，国内常采用标准对数视力表和儿童图形视力表，而国外则常用Lea、HOTV和ETDRS视力表。已经有很多研究报道了这三种视力表在儿童视力检查中的可测性、可重复性及诊断视觉相关问题的敏感性。然而，在国内这三种视力表的应用较为有限，本文就这三种视力表的设计原理、临床中的应用及各自的特点进行综述，以便更好地了解它们在学龄前儿童中的适用性和局限性，从而为未来视力检查方法的选择和改进提供参考。

Abstract:

Preschool age(3-6 years old)is a critical period for visual development, and it is crucial to detect and treat visual problems in preschool children as early as possible. Visual acuity charts are important tools for screening visual issues in children. In China, the commonly used charts are the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and the pediatric optotype chart, while overseas, the Lea, HOTV, and ETDRS visual acuity charts are frequently employed. Numerous studies have reported the measurability, repeatability, and sensitivity of these three charts in diagnosing visual-related problems in children. However, the application of these three charts is relatively limited in China. This article provides a comprehensive review of the design principles, clinical applications, and characteristics of these three visual acuity charts, so as to better understand their applicability and limitations in preschool children, and provide reference for the selection and improvement of vision examination methods in the future.