通过眼部结构协助诊断早期阿尔茨海默症的研究进展

Research progress in assisting in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease through eye structure

摘要:

阿尔茨海默症(AD)是常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病，其神经病理学变化先于认知功能障碍和行为损害出现。目前，AD的早期诊断是基于有创性和价格昂贵的检测技术，难以在临床上广泛使用。因此，迫切需要新的标志物，以在早期阶段检测AD。眼睛作为大脑的延伸，研究发现，与大脑病理学变化相比，AD患者眼部病理学变化更早出现，如视网膜结构异常、视觉功能障碍、视网膜异常蛋白积聚、脉络膜厚度变化、角膜神经纤维密度降低、晶状体异常Aβ蛋白的沉积和瞳孔光反应敏感度下降等。本文针对近些年AD患者的眼部病理学变化进行综述，为临床早期诊断AD提供新思路。

Abstract:

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which neuropathological changes precede cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. Currently, early diagnosis of AD is based on invasive and expensive testing techniques that are difficult to use widely in the clinical setting. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new markers to detect AD at an early stage. The eye, as an extension of the brain, has been found to show earlier onset of ocular pathologic changes in patients with AD compared to brain pathologic changes, such as retinal structural abnormalities, visual dysfunction, retinal abnormal protein accumulation, choroidal thickness changes, decreased corneal nerve fiber density, deposition of abnormal Aβ proteins in the lens, and pupillary light decreased sensitivity of response, etc. This article reviews the ocular pathologic changes in AD patients in recent years to provide new ideas for the early clinical diagnosis of AD.