飞秒激光术中角膜基质不透明气泡层的研究进展

Research progress of opaque bubble layer created in corneal stroma during femtosecond laser surgery

摘要:

飞秒激光辅助的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)和飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)是目前主流的角膜屈光手术方式。虽然临床研究显示其具有很高的安全性、有效性和可预测性，但制作角膜瓣或透镜时需要依赖飞秒激光，不可避免地会发生飞秒激光相关并发症，如负压失吸、不透明气泡层(OBL)等。OBL是飞秒激光在角膜组织中发生光爆破作用时产生的二氧化碳和水蒸气聚集体在角膜基质中无法及时排出而形成，是飞秒激光手术特有的并发症。气泡可能会干扰术中操作和影响术后视觉质量。本文就OBL形成的机制、分级和分类、影响因素及其对术中操作和术后效果的影响进行综述，以期为进一步临床工作提供参考和依据。

Abstract:

Femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)and small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)are the mainstream corneal refractive surgeries at present. Despite efficacy, safety and predictability they have showed in refractive error correction, there are still complications relating to femtosecond laser, such as suction loss and opaque bubble layer(OBL), due to that the production of corneal flap or lenticule is dependent on the femtosecond laser. OBL is a complication that is unique to femtosecond laser surgery and the bubbles are generated from photo-disruptive effect towards corneal tissues which consisted of water vapor and carbon dioxide, and OBL gradually formed when the bubbles are trapped in the stroma. The bubbles can influence the intraoperative manipulation and postoperative visual quality. This review discusses the mechanism, grading, classification, and influencing factors of OBL and its effects on intraoperative manipulations and postoperative recovery, in the hope of providing reference and basis for further clinical studies.