降眼压药物对青光眼患者眼表影响的研究进展

Research progress in the effects of intraocular pressure-lowering drugs on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients

摘要:

青光眼是一种累及视网膜神经节细胞的慢性视神经病变，以视乳头萎缩、视野缺损及视力下降为共同特征的疾病。由于青光眼是一种慢性疾病，长期滴用局部降眼压药物往往会合并眼表疾病，从而降低药物依从性，最终影响治疗效果。目前局部降眼压药物主要有前列腺素类衍生物、β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂、α-肾上腺素能受体激动剂、局部碳酸酐酶抑制剂、拟胆碱能类药物。本文就以上5种降眼压药物对青光眼患者眼表影响和相关机制做一综述，并为青光眼患者的眼表保护提供预防性措施。

Abstract:

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy that affects the retinal ganglion cells, characterized by optic disc atrophy, visual field defects, and visual acuity loss. Since glaucoma is a chronic disease, long-term use of topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications often leads to ocular surface diseases, thus reducing medication adherence and ultimately affecting treatment efficacy. Currently, topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications include prostaglandin derivatives, β-adrenergic blockers, α-adrenergic agonists, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and cholinergic drugs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the effects and related mechanisms of these five antiglaucoma medications on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients and offers preventative measures for the protection of ocular surface in glaucoma patients.