神经递质在近视发病中的作用

Role of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of myopia

摘要:

近视是眼科最常见的疾病，也是引起儿童视力损伤的主要原因。近视的发病机制复杂，多年来的研究发现，多巴胺、一氧化氮、乙酰胆碱、γ-氨基丁酸、5-羟色胺、胰岛素以及前列腺素等主要神经递质均与儿童屈光发育和眼轴增长密切相关，但是它们的作用机制仍存在许多分歧。本文就各种神经递质在近视发病过程中的作用包括神经递质受体以及受体拮抗剂对近视进展的影响进行了系统综述，以期明确不同神经递质对近视发生发展的影响，从而更加全面地了解近视的发病机制，为近视神经递质变化的进一步研究做理论准备，并为近视的预防和治疗提供一些新的思路和方向。

Abstract:

With complex pathogenesis, myopia is a common ophthalmology disease and a major causation for visual impairment in children. For years, studies found that neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, nitric oxide, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, insulin and prostaglandins, are associated with children's refractive development and axial length growth. However, there are still many disagreements in their mechanisms of action. This article makes a systematic review on the roles of neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of myopia including neurotransmitter receptors and antagonists to clarify the influence of different neurotransmitters on the occurrence and development of myopia, thus giving a comprehensive insight into its pathogenesis, building a basis for further research on the changes of neurotransmitters and providing new ideas and directions for the prevention and treatment of myopia.