近视性豹纹状眼底改变的影像及功能学评估进展

Progress in imaging and functional assessment of myopic fundus tessellation changes

摘要:

近视已成为全球性视觉损伤及致盲的严重负担，世界卫生组织已经将近视的防治列入全球防盲计划之中。随着近视病程进展，会出现多种眼部病理性改变，从而导致视力损害，严重者甚至致盲。目前，近视患病率有增加和年轻化趋势，病理性近视导致的社会问题也日益受到重视。其中豹纹状眼底是近视性眼底病变自然病程的最早期病变，也是视网膜病变发展的一个重要临床标志。目前，有几种不同的豹纹状眼底分级方法，均是通过眼底彩照进行主观分级。通过检眼镜、眼底照相、光学相干断层扫描、视网膜电图及微视野等模式影像可联合观察豹纹状眼底的形态学特征和功能状况。本文将综述豹纹状眼底的影像学特征及常见应用，以期对眼科临床提供相关参考。

Abstract:

Myopia has become a serious global burden of visual impairment and blindness, and the World Health Organization has included the prevention and treatment of myopia in its global blindness prevention program. Many ocular pathological alterations that follow from advanced myopia could cause visual impairment and even blindness in severe situations. Myopia is becoming more prevalent and has a greater impact on young people. Myopia's social repercussions are becoming more widely known. One of the several fundus alterations linked to myopia is tessellated fundus, which is the earliest lesion in the natural course of myopic fundus lesions and an important clinical marker for the development of retinopathy. Currently, there are several different methods of grading fundus tessellation, all of which are graded subjectively by fundus color photography. One can investigate the morphological characteristics and functional status of the tessellated fundus with ophthalmoscope, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, electroretinogram, microperimetry and other modal images. In this study, the imaging properties and common applications of the tessellated fundus are reviewed to provide appropriate resources for clinical ophthalmology.