外泌体在糖尿病视网膜病变的机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of exosomes in diabetic retinopathy

摘要:

外泌体是广泛存在于人体，由机体细胞产生并分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡，能相对稳定地存在于各种生物组织和体液中，并携带特定的miRNA、蛋白质、转录因子等多种信息分子，参与调控体内多种疾病的病理生理过程。近年来随着外泌体在各学科研究的不断深入，其在眼科学领域的研究也迅速开展，目前发现外泌体在糖尿病视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、角膜病及青光眼等多种疾病中发挥重要作用。随着生活水平的提高，全世界糖尿病视网膜病变致盲人数逐年增加，而糖尿病视网膜病变机制研究未明，近年许多研究发现外泌体在其中发挥着重要作用，本文对外泌体在糖尿病视网膜病变的发生、发展机制的最新研究进展进行综述。

Abstract:

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells in the body. They carry particular miRNA, protein molecules, transcription factors, and other information molecules, and they play a role in the pathophysiological regulation of a number of diseases in the body. Exosomes can persist steadily in biological tissues and bodily fluids. Exosomes have quickly advanced in ophthalmology in recent years due to the extensive studies of exosomes in a variety of fields, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, autoimmune uveitis, corneal disease, glaucoma, and other diseases. The number of people who are blind caused by diabetic retinopathy is rising as living standards rise. However, it is still unclear how diabetic retinopathy works. In recent years, many studies have found that exosomes play an important role in diabetic retinopathy. In this paper, the most recent developments in exosome studies as they relate to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.