[关键词]
[摘要]
内在光敏性视网膜神经节细胞(ipRGC)是近20a来新发现的一类感光细胞。它们通过视色素黑视蛋白发挥感光功能，并将光信号传递至非成像功能脑区如视交叉上核(SCN)、橄榄前盖核(OPN)以控制昼夜节律光夹带和瞳孔对光反射； 还有少部分信号投射至大脑成像区域如背外侧膝状核(dLGN)和上丘(SC)参与成像视觉。目前已发现6种ipRGC亚型(M1～M6)，每种亚型都具有独特的形态和生理特性。这些细胞除了接收来自视杆细胞和视锥细胞的信号输入，也在视网膜内部通过化学突触和电突触调节视网膜内信号转导，在视觉信号传递和视觉发育中发挥重要作用。研究发现ipRGC与多种眼科及全身性疾病存在重要联系。由此可见这是一类复杂且重要的细胞类型，本文从ipRGC的发现、一般生理特性、信号转导和与疾病的关系等多方面进行综述。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
A brand-new class of photoreceptors has been identified in the past 20a: intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells(ipRGC). With melanopsin as its photopigment, ipRGCs transmit light signals to non-imaging brain regions like the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)and the olivary pretectal nucleus(OPN)to regulate circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex; a small portion of the signals are projected to brain imaging regions like the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus(dLGN)and superior colliculus(SC), to participate in imaging vision. There are six different ipRGC subtypes(M1～M6), each with its own morphological and physiological characteristics. In addition to receiving signaling inputs from the rods and cones, ipRGCs also regulate retinal signals through chemical and electrical synapses and play important roles in visual signaling and visual development. It has been discovered that ipRGCs are implicated in several systemic and ocular illnesses. Overall, various aspects of ipRGC are reviewed including the discovery, general physiological properties, signaling, and the relationship with disease in this work.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1710203); 国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.82074498)
